{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:16:47Z","timestamp":1790191007033,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,20]],"date-time":"2016-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research has yielded little understanding of factors associated with high cesarean rates among migrant women (i.e., women born abroad). The objective of this study was to identify medical, migration, social, and health service predictors of unplanned cesareans among low\u2010risk migrant women from low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a case\u2013control research design. The sampling frame included migrant women from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>s living in Canada less than 8 years, who gave birth at one of three Montreal hospitals between March 2014 and January 2015. Data were collected from medical records and by interview\u2010administration of the Migrant\u2010Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire. We performed multi\u2010variable logistic regression for low\u2010risk women (i.e., vertex, singleton, term pregnancies) who delivered vaginally (1,615 controls) and by unplanned cesarean indicated by failure to progress, fetal distress, or cephalopelvic disproportion (233 cases).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Predictors of unplanned cesarean included being from sub\u2010Saharan Africa\/Caribbean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.37 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.02\u20135.51]) and admission for delivery during early labor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 5.43 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.17\u20139.29]). Among women living in Canada less than 2 years predictors were having a humanitarian migration classification (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.24 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.16\u201315.46]) and admission for delivery during early labor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 7.68 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.12\u201318.88]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Migrant women from sub\u2010Saharan Africa\/Caribbean and recently arrived migrant women with a humanitarian classification are at greater risk for unplanned cesareans compared with other low\u2010risk migrant women from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>s after controlling for medical factors. Strategies to prevent cesareans should consider the circumstances of migrant women that may be contributing to the use of unplanned cesareans in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,20]],"date-time":"2016-04-20T07:52:38Z","timestamp":1461138758000},"page":"209-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Predictors of Unplanned Cesareans among Low\u2010Risk Migrant Women from Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries Living in Montreal, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Merry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Semenic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingram School of Nursing McGill University Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Women's Health Mission McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa W.","family":"Gyorkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics &amp; Occupational Health McGill University Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) Research Centre Sherbrooke QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita J.","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingram School of Nursing Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI\u2010MUHC) Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Health Indicators 2013","author":"Statistics Canada & Canadian Institute for Health Information","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30645-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Canadian Perinatal Health Report, 2008 Edition","author":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)","year":"2008"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mesures prometteuses pour diminuer le recours aux interventions obst\u00e9tricales \u00e9vitables pour les femmes \u00e0 faible risque. 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