{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:51:24Z","timestamp":1789545084294,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD049819\u201001A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD049819\u201001A2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8UL1TR000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8UL1TR000041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effect of perineal lacerations on pelvic floor outcomes, including urinary and anal incontinence, sexual function, and perineal pain in a nulliparous cohort with low incidence of episiotomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nulliparous women were prospectively recruited from a midwifery practice. Pelvic floor symptoms were assessed with validated questionnaires, physical examination, and objective measures in pregnancy and 6 months postpartum. Two trauma groups were compared, those with an intact perineum or only 1st degree lacerations and those with second\u2010, third\u2010, or fourth\u2010degree lacerations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and forty\u2010eight women had vaginal deliveries. One hundred and fifty\u2010one sustained second\u2010degree or deeper perineal trauma and 297 had an intact perineum or minor trauma. Three hundred and thirty\u2010six (74.8%) presented for 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. Perineal trauma was not associated with urinary or fecal incontinence, decreased sexual activity, perineal pain, or pelvic organ prolapse. Women with trauma had similar rates of sexual activity; however, they had slightly lower sexual function scores (27.3 vs 29.1). Objective measures of pelvic floor strength, rectal tone, urinary incontinence, and perineal anatomy were equivalent. The subgroup of women with deeper (&gt; 2 centimeter) perineal trauma demonstrated increased likelihood of perineal pain (15.5% vs 6.2%) and weaker pelvic floor muscle strength (61.0% vs 44.3%) compared with women with more superficial trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women having second\u2010degree lacerations are not at increased risk for pelvic floor dysfunction other than increased pain, and slightly lower sexual function scores at 6 months postpartum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T09:09:54Z","timestamp":1477904994000},"page":"293-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The Effect of Perineal Lacerations on Pelvic Floor Function and Anatomy at 6 Months Postpartum in a Prospective Cohort of Nulliparous Women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Leeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Borders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusty","family":"Teaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Qualls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research Center University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM 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