{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:09:21Z","timestamp":1763017761187,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]],"date-time":"2017-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["476201","APP1022996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476201","APP1022996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001027","name":"Department of Health and Ageing, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The teenage pregnancy rate is high among Indigenous Australian women, yet little is known about their pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, against a background of extreme social disadvantage, the relative importance of age as a risk factor for adverse outcomes among Indigenous pregnancies is unclear. We compared perinatal outcomes for Indigenous teenagers (&lt;20\u00a0years) with adult Indigenous women (20\u201034\u00a0years), and described outcomes in subgroups of teenagers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were analyzed for 2421 singleton births to Indigenous women aged &lt;35\u00a0years in Australia's Northern Territory from 2003 to 2005. Regression was used to assess the effect of young maternal age on normal birth, healthy baby, preterm birth, low birthweight, special care admission, and mean birthweight, adjusting for covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010quarters of teenagers and 62% of adult mothers lived in remote areas. Smoking rates were around 50% in both groups. Teenagers were more likely to have a normal birth than adults (adjusted odds ratio 1.78 [95% CI 1.35\u20102.34]). The groups did not differ for healthy baby, preterm birth, or low birthweight. Babies of teenagers weighed 135\u00a0g less than those of adults; however, adjustment for covariates eliminated this difference. Examination of teenage subgroups (\u226416\u00a0years and 17\u201019\u00a0years) revealed risk behaviors being higher for 17\u201019\u00a0years olds than for the younger group, and more prevalent among urban\u2010based mothers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young maternal age is not a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes among Indigenous women. Rather, they are having babies in disadvantaged circumstances within a system challenged to support them socially and clinically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]],"date-time":"2017-04-22T05:56:47Z","timestamp":1492840607000},"page":"262-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Perinatal outcomes among young Indigenous Australian mothers: A cross\u2010sectional study and comparison with adult Indigenous mothers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3081-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malinda","family":"Steenkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Torrens Resilience Institute Flinders University  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous and Refugee Women's Health Program at the Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation Monash University  Clayton Vic. 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Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivienne","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Adelaide's School of Public Health  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Rumbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-36"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-200109000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"2013 United Nations Population Fund New York NY United Nations Population Fund Motherhood in Childhood: Facing the Challenge of Adolescent Pregnancy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279405009360"},{"volume-title":"Adolescent Pregnancy: A Review of the Evidence","year":"2013","author":"Loaiza E","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1"},{"volume-title":"3301.0 Births, Australia, 2014","year":"2015","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1"},{"volume-title":"Australia's Mothers and Babies 2012","year":"2014","author":"Hilder L","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0004-8666.2002.00187.x"},{"volume-title":"Australia's Mothers and Babies 2013\u2014in Brief. 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