{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:31:18Z","timestamp":1788305478240,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011069","name":"Midwifery Academy Amsterdam Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"EU Cost Action IS1405"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous vaginal birth rates are decreasing worldwide, while cesarean delivery, instrumental births, and medical birth interventions are increasing. Emerging evidence suggests that birth interventions may have an effect on children's health. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the association between operative and medical birth interventions on the child's health during the first 28\u00a0days and up to 5\u00a0years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In New South Wales (Australia), population\u2010linked data sets were analyzed, including data on maternal characteristics, child characteristics, mode of birth, interventions during labor and birth, and adverse health outcomes of the children (ie, jaundice, feeding problems, hypothermia, asthma, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, other infections, metabolic disorder, and eczema) registered with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification codes. Logistic regression analyses were performed for each adverse health outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analyses included 491\u00a0590 women and their children; of those 38% experienced a spontaneous vaginal birth. Infants who experienced an instrumental birth after induction or augmentation had the highest risk of jaundice, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.61\u20102.91) compared with spontaneous vaginal birth. Children born by cesarean delivery were particularly at statistically significantly increased risk for infections, eczema, and metabolic disorder, compared with spontaneous vaginal birth. Children born by emergency cesarean delivery showed the highest association for metabolic disorder, aOR 2.63 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.26\u20103.07).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children born by spontaneous vaginal birth had fewer short\u2010 and longer\u2010term health problems, compared with those born after birth interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T02:43:10Z","timestamp":1522032190000},"page":"347-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["The effect of medical and operative birth interventions on child health outcomes in the first 28\u00a0days and up to 5\u00a0years of age: A linked data population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2342-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery Science VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of General Practice &amp; Elderly Care Medicine University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"AVAG Midwifery Academy Amsterdam Groningen  Amsterdam\/Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlene","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing and Health Sciences Adelaide Flinders University  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ank","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery Science VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"AVAG Midwifery Academy Amsterdam Groningen  Amsterdam\/Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Khashan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University College Cork  Cork Ireland"},{"name":"The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research University College Cork (INFANT)  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Newborn Intensive Care Unit Westmead Hospital University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo","family":"Downe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Lancashire  Preston Lancashire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther I.","family":"Feijen\u2010de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery Science VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of General Practice &amp; Elderly Care Medicine University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"AVAG Midwifery Academy Amsterdam Groningen  Amsterdam\/Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Dahlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Sydney Western Sydney University  Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Affiliate of the Ingham Institute  Liverpool NSW Australia"},{"name":"National Institute of Complementary Medicine Western Sydney University  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Australia's mothers and babies 2014\u2014in brief.Perinatal statistics. 2016;series no. 32. 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