{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T22:07:09Z","timestamp":1768514829249,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Water immersion during labor is an effective comfort measure; however, outcomes for waterbirth in the hospital setting have not been well documented. Our objective was to report the outcomes from two nurse\u2010midwifery services that provide waterbirth within a tertiary care hospital setting in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a retrospective, observational, matched comparison design. Data were collected from two large midwifery practices in tertiary care centers using information recorded at the time of birth for quality assurance purposes. Land birth cases were excluded if events would have precluded them from waterbirth (epidural, meconium stained fluid, chorioamnionitis, estimated gestational age\u00a0&lt;\u00a037\u00a0weeks, or body mass index\u00a0&gt;\u00a040). Neonatal outcomes included Apgar score and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Maternal outcomes included perineal lacerations and postpartum hemorrhage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 397 waterbirths and 2025 land births were included in the analysis. There were no differences in outcomes between waterbirth and land birth for Apgar scores or neonatal intensive care admissions (1.8% vs 2.5%). Women in the waterbirth group were less likely to sustain a first\u2010 or second\u2010degree laceration. Postpartum hemorrhage rates were similar for both groups. Similar results were obtained using a land birth subset matched on insurance, hospital location, and parity using propensity scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, waterbirth was not associated with increased risk to neonates, extensive perineal lacerations, or postpartum hemorrhage. Fewer women in the waterbirth group sustained first\u2010 or second\u2010degree lacerations requiring sutures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T02:35:17Z","timestamp":1575945317000},"page":"98-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A retrospective comparison of waterbirth outcomes in two United States hospital settings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3617-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne M.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Zielinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy L.","family":"Emeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1785-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Kane Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"School of Nursing University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"The Eastern, or Turkish Bath: Its History, Revival in Britain, and Application to the Purposes of Health","author":"Wilson E","year":"1861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"CD000111","article-title":"Immersion in water in labour and birth","volume":"2","author":"Cluett ER","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.102547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000445585.52522.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"American College of Nurse Midwives.Position statement: hydrotherapy during labor and birth.2016.http:\/\/www.midwife.org\/acnm\/files\/ccLibraryFiles\/Filename\/000000004048\/Hydrotherapy-During-Labor-and-Birth-April-2014.pdf. Accessed September 13 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outcomes of waterbirth in a US hospital\u2010based midwifery practice: a retrospective cohort study of water immersion during labor and birth","author":"Neiman E","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"KingTL BruckerMC JevittC OsborneK(Nurse\u2010midwife).Varney's Midwifery."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"WormerKC BryantSB.Pregnancy acute postpartum hemorrhage.2018.http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29763164. Accessed November 7 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"CD006672","article-title":"Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma","volume":"6","author":"Aasheim V","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0641-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.02103.x"}],"container-title":["Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbirt.12473","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/birt.12473","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/birt.12473","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/birt.12473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T23:07:32Z","timestamp":1693350452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/birt.12473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/birt.12473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12473","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7659","1523-536X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-536X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}