{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:27:07Z","timestamp":1783639627809,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31NR014061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31NR014061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One approach to decreasing the cesarean birth rate in the United States is to increase the availability of birth attendants, including certified nurse\u2010midwives (CNMs), who offer trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). We examined associations between provider type and mode of birth for women attempting vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study at a United States academic medical center using prospectively\u2010collected data (2005\u20102012). We included healthy women with term singleton vertex pregnancies after one or two prior cesareans who were managed by obstetricians or CNMs. We assessed unplanned cesarean birth by provider type using univariate and logistic regression and examined labor interventions and predicted VBAC success.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall VBAC success was 88% for 502 included patients. Unplanned cesarean rates were similar by provider type. Black race, no prior VBAC, recurring clinical indication for cesarean, labor augmentation\/induction, and any Pitocin use were associated with increased unplanned cesarean. Higher parity and early\u2010term gestational age at delivery were associated with decreased unplanned cesarean. Postpartum hemorrhage and composite maternal morbidity were increased with unplanned cesarean, but there was no difference in neonatal outcome by mode of delivery or provider type. Obstetricians had slightly higher composite adverse maternal outcomes. Nomogram\u2010predicted VBAC success but not provider type was associated with unplanned cesarean.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unplanned cesarean was similar for patients attempting labor after cesarean managed by midwives or obstetricians. Increasing the number of CNMs who manage TOLAC may help decrease the high rate of cesareans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T05:29:37Z","timestamp":1576042177000},"page":"123-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Outcomes of trial of labor after cesarean birth by provider type in low\u2010risk women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6042-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Fore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0109-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda A.","family":"Allshouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Maternal Fetal Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2642-9174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole S.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6906-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Joseph","family":"Hurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Maternal Fetal Medicine &amp; Reproductive Sciences University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: provisional data for 2018","volume":"7","author":"Hamilton BE","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rapid Release"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000444441.04111.1d"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Division of Vital Statistics Natality public\u2010use data 2016\u20102017.CDC WONDER online database 2018.http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/natality-expanded-current.html. Accessed September 2 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2010.05.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: practice patterns of obstetrician\u2010gynecologists","volume":"50","author":"Coleman VH","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"83","key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","article-title":"A survey of access to trial of labor in California hospitals in 2012","volume":"13","author":"Barger MK","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2017.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31829bd0a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2016.03.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maternal morbidity for vaginal and cesarean deliveries, according to previous cesarean history: New data from the birth certificate, 2013","volume":"64","author":"Curtin SC","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000143257.29471.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181df925f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000284622.71222.b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001973"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12267"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333206"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12334"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003521"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.The International Classification of adult underweight overweight and obesity according to BMI.2016.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/bmi\/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html. Accessed August 25 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","author":"Institute of Medicine Guidelines","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000259312.36053.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.05.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000259313.46842.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-168"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.01.002"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2017","volume":"67","author":"Martin JA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004667.pub5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182704880"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12405"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-2065-x"}],"container-title":["Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbirt.12474","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/birt.12474","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/birt.12474","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/birt.12474","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T23:07:56Z","timestamp":1693350476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/birt.12474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/birt.12474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12474","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7659","1523-536X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-536X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}