{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:37:59Z","timestamp":1792474679099,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to examine the inter\u2010reliability and agreement among midwives when assessing the fetal heart rate (FHR) using the handheld Doppler. The primary aim was to measure the reliability and agreement of FHR baseline (baseline) as beats per minute (bpm). The secondary aims were to measure fluctuations from the baseline, defined as increases and decreases, and classifications (normal or abnormal) of FHR soundtracks. This is the first interrater reliability and agreement study on intermittent auscultation (IA) to our knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participant population consisted of 154 women in labor, from a mixed\u2010risk population and admitted to hospital for intrapartum care. The rater population were 16 midwives from various maternity care settings in Norway. A total of 154 soundtracks were recorded with a handheld Doppler device, and the 16 raters assessed 1\u2010min soundtracks once, through an online survey (Nettskjema). They assessed the baseline, FHR increase or decrease, and the FHR classification. The primary outcome, baseline, was measured with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The secondary outcomes were measured with kappa and proportion of agreement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interrater reliability for the baseline (bpm) was ICC(A,1) 0.74 (95% CI 0.69\u20130.78). On average, an absolute difference of 7.9\u2009bpm (95% CI 7.3\u20138.5\u2009bpm) was observed between pairs of raters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrate an acceptable level of reliability and agreement in assessing the baseline using a handheld Doppler.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T22:44:51Z","timestamp":1724280291000},"page":"835-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How well can the fetal heart rate baseline be assessed by intrapartum intermittent auscultation? An interrater reliability and agreement study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5494-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Hernandez","family":"Engelhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Research Centre for Women's Health Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Vanbelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology and Statistics Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"\u00d8ian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aase Serine Devold","family":"Pay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, B\u00e6rum Hospital Vestre Viken Hospital Trust  B\u00e6rum Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kaasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Blix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour","volume":"2","author":"Alfirevic Z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316161715.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogrm.2022.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Fetal Monitoring in Labour","author":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","article-title":"Fosteroverv\u00e5kning under f\u00f8dsel, avnavling og syre\u2010basepr\u00f8ver fra navlesnor (fetal monitoring during birth, cord clamping and acid base samples)","author":"Kessler J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Norwegian Assoc Gynecol Obstetr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"WHO Recommendations: Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316161715.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Nettskjema","author":"University of Oslo","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Sound Analyser Nor140","author":"Norsonic","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Medical M.Fetal heart rate display Summit Doppler LifeDop 250 Auditory. 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