{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:39:24Z","timestamp":1785890364867,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001557","name":"Con Alma Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001557","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) families comprise a disproportionately low percentage of home and freestanding birth center births in New Mexico (NM), despite NM Medicaid coverage of care by Licensed Midwives (LMs) in these settings. The purpose of this study was to examine why low income BIPOC seek out LM care, how they benefit from this model of care, and which factors facilitate and obstruct access.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted 7 focus groups with 55 low income BIPOC individuals who had birthed in New Mexico in the past 5\u2009years. Participants in four of the groups intended to birth with an LM in the community setting; participants in three of the groups intended to birth in a hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior negative birthing experiences at hospitals were the most\u2010often discussed reason for choosing LM care. The aspects of LM care most commonly described as beneficial were: (1) the high quality of one\u2010to\u2010one individualized and holistic care offered by LMs, as well as (2) the respectfulness of care received. Medicaid coverage of LM care and special payment allowances made by LMs were cited as two important facilitators of access to LM care. Barriers to care included the lack of general awareness of LM care, the persisting stigma against community birth, the small number of LMs, and payment and insurance coverage challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LM care is beneficial for many families seeking respectful and accessible care, especially in underserved areas. BIPOC birthing individuals' reflections on their experiences with LM care provide valuable information that should be considered when designing and revising perinatal care systems and policies with the intent of increasing access to high\u2010quality maternal and newborn care in New Mexico and, more generally, the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T14:23:32Z","timestamp":1734099812000},"page":"285-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Benefits of Licensed Midwifery and Community Birth Among BIPOC Birthing People in New Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5326-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Z.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bold Futures NM  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micaela Lara","family":"Cadena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Policy Researcher, Advocate and Birthworker  New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess F.","family":"Gutfreund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Center Equity  Dixon New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza","family":"Dodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Doula  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"American College of Nurse Midwives \u201cComparison of Certified Nurse\u2010Midwives Certified Midwives and Certified Professional Midwives: Clarifying the Distinctions Among Professional Midwifery Credentials in the U.S. \u201daccessed July 18 2022 https:\/\/www.midwife.org\/acnm\/files\/acnmlibrarydata\/uploadfilename\/000000000268\/CNM\u2010CM\u2010CPM%20Comparison%20Chart%20June%202021%20Final.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010019\u20100729\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7505.1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004667.pub5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2021.618210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Eliminating Racial Disparities in Maternal and Infant Mortality: A Comprehensive Policy Blueprint","author":"Taylor J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"K. L.Goode \u201cBirthing Blackness and the Body: Black Midwives and the Pursuit of Reproductive Justice \u201dNew York: Columbia University Press forthcoming."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"N.ChosidandS.Yin \u201cIndigenous Midwives \u201dWilson Center Website accessed March 30 2022 https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/event\/indigenous\u2010midwives."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"New Mexico Birth Equity Collaborative \u201cUnderstanding Maternal Health Birth Equity and Perinatal Services in New Mexico: A Guide to Terms Solutions and Problems \u201d2022Santa Fe NM: New Mexico Birth Equity Collaborative; accessed June 3 2022 https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/61eaf58c6740666f316b508e\/t\/637464d61d739f2addc14bcf\/1668572379597\/Absolutely+Final+BHNM+2022+Policy+Brief.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"National Association of Certified Professional Midwives \u201cLegal Recognition of CPMs \u201daccessed November 17 2023 https:\/\/www.nacpm.org\/legal\u2010recognition\u2010of\u2010cpms\u20101."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"National Academy for State Health Policy \u201cMidwife Medicaid Reimbursement Policies by State. National Academy for State Health Policy \u201d2022accessed April 28 2023 https:\/\/nashp.org\/midwife\u2010medicaid\u2010reimbursement\u2010policies\u2010by\u2010state\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"New Mexico Department of Health \u201cNew Mexico Birth Data 1999\u20132020 \u201daccessed on June 6 2022 https:\/\/ibis.doh.nm.gov\/query\/selection\/birth\/_BirthSelection.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in Out\u2010of\u2010Hospital Births in the United States, 1990\u20132012","volume":"144","author":"MacDorman M. F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"Improving Our Maternity Care Now Through Community Birth Settings","author":"Sakala S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"E.Declercq \u201c\u2018Evidence in Support of Midwifery\u2010Led Care \u2019 Presented at: Institute for Medicaid Innovation Session 1 Midwifery\u2010Led Care: High\u2010Value Evidence\u2010Based Maternal Models of Care and Birth Equity October 9 \u201d2020accessed October 22 2024 https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H0eQ_XggeAc."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"A.Reese \u201cTrying to Cover the Sun With Your Thumb: A Critical Ethnography of Maternity Care Provision in Rural Northern New Mexico \u201d2018Dissertation University of New Mexico accessed August 22 2024 https:\/\/digitalrepository.unm.edu\/nurs_etds\/40."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"V.Thompson \u201cImproving Birthing Outcomes Through Midwifery Care: New Mexico \u201d2022National Academy for State Health Policy Website. April accessed August 15 2022 https:\/\/www.nashp.org\/improving\u2010birthing\u2010outcomes\u2010through\u2010midwifery\u2010care\u2010new\u2010mexico\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732307312393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"M.Cadena \u201cDelivering Access: Home Birth for Women of Families of Color in New Mexico \u201d2013master's thesis University of New Mexico accessed August 22 2024 https:\/\/digitalrepository.unm.edu\/arch_etds\/14."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913405117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475\u20106773.14037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2023.100226"}],"container-title":["Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/birt.12884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T12:14:01Z","timestamp":1746706441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/birt.12884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/birt.12884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12884","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7659","1523-536X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-536X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}