{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:20:09Z","timestamp":1776176409210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000325","name":"Wellbeing of Women","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ELS1105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELS1105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008892","name":"Royal College of Midwives","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000386","name":"Burdett Trust for Nursing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the UK, families in temporary accommodation reached record numbers in 2023. Pregnant mothers experiencing homelessness are at risk of poor health outcomes, yet little is known about their experiences. Most biomedical research emphasizes obstetric outcomes rather than maternal experiences. Our study aimed to explore maternal experiences of pregnancy while living in temporary accommodation in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using an interpretivist paradigm and critical feminist theory, we collected and analyzed semi\u2010structured interview narratives from pregnant and postnatal mothers experiencing homelessness. Interviews with key workers from relevant Third Sector Organisations provided complementary insights. Study planning included Patient and Public Involvement. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen mothers and six keyworkers were interviewed. Reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes. Theme one, <jats:italic>Pregnant\/postnatal bodies in unsafe spaces<\/jats:italic>, described participants' experiences with unsafe accommodations, exposure to environmental hazards, and frequent moves which affected physical and mental health. In <jats:italic>Undermining mothers<\/jats:italic>, participants explained how the constant struggle to meet basic needs eroded opportunities to engage with caring roles and destabilized their sense of being \u201cgood\u201d mothers. Together these contributed to pregnancy disengagement and feeling unprepared for birth. The third key theme, <jats:italic>Feeling unseen in midwifery blind spots<\/jats:italic>, describes barriers to accessing maternity services, as well as interactions with midwives that often reinforced feelings of being invisible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Living in temporary accommodations whilst pregnant negatively impacts physical, mental, and emotional well\u2010being. Improving care for pregnant mothers experiencing homelessness requires systemic change within housing and maternity services to acknowledge housing security as an essential need for pregnant and parenting mothers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T10:33:07Z","timestamp":1743849187000},"page":"503-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pregnant and Homeless in the <scp>UK<\/scp>: A Qualitative Analysis of Maternal Experiences in Temporary Accommodation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0714-128X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cumming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother, Infant and Child Research Group School of Health Sciences University of Dundee  Dundee Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Symon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother, Infant and Child Research Group School of Health Sciences University of Dundee  Dundee Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Homelessness Research in Europe","author":"Baptista I.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.41.1.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","article-title":"Advocacy Interventions to Reduce or Eliminate Violence and Promote the Physical and Psychosocial Well\u2010Being of Women Who Experience Intimate Partner Abuse","volume":"12","author":"Rivas C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673037.2014.991378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351113113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351113113-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1633-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-54516-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1474746419000423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09663690701213677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3351\/ppp.2017.8845235448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics \u201c\u2018Hidden\u2019 Homelessness in the UK: Evidence Review \u201d2023 https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/housing\/articles\/hiddenhomelessnessintheukevidencereview\/2023\u201003\u201029."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"ENGENDER \u201cGender Housing and Homelessness: A Literature Review \u201d2020 https:\/\/www.engender.org.uk\/content\/publications\/GENDER\u2010HOUSING\u2010AND\u2010HOMELESSNESS\u2010\u2010\u2010A\u2010LITERATURE\u2010REVIEW.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"S.Cross \u201cHousing and Children's Health and Social Care: A Review of Literature and Suggestions for Further Research \u201d2020 https:\/\/sharedhealthfoundation.org.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Housing\u2010and\u2010Childrens\u2010Health\u2010and\u2010Social\u2010Care\u2010Publication.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"National Statistics \u201cHomelessness in Scotland: 2022\u201323 \u201d2023 https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/binaries\/content\/documents\/govscot\/publications\/statistics\/2023\/08\/homelessness\u2010in\u2010scotland\u20102022\u201023\/documents\/homelessness\u2010in\u2010scotland\u20102022\u201023\/homelessness\u2010in\u2010scotland\u20102022\u201023\/govscot%3Adocument\/Homelessness%2Bin%2BScotland%2B2022\u201023.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Midwives \u201cDispatches and RCM Find That 99.7% of Midwives Have Seen Mothers Who Were Homeless Over the Past Six Months. RCM Media Releases Blog \u201d2019 https:\/\/www.rcm.org.uk\/media\u2010releases\/2019\/november\/dispatches\u2010and\u2010rcm\u2010find\u2010that\u2010997\u2010of\u2010midwives\u2010have\u2010seen\u2010mothers\u2010who\u2010were\u2010homeless\u2010over\u2010the\u2010past\u2010six\u2010months\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"E.Bimpson K.Reeve andS.Parr \u201cHomeless Mothers: Key Research Findings \u201d2020 https:\/\/shura.shu.ac.uk\/25905\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Department for Levelling Up Housing & Communities \u201cStatutory Homelessness in England: January to March 2023 \u201d2023 https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/statutory\u2010homelessness\u2010in\u2010england\u2010january\u2010to\u2010march\u20102023\/statutory\u2010homelessness\u2010in\u2010england\u2010january\u2010to\u2010march\u20102023#notes\u2010on\u2010usage."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6746.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp19X705557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1228887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69909-7_3470-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Health and Care Research \u201cPayment Guidance for Members of the Public Considering Involvement in Research\u2010Version 1.4 \u201d2022 http:\/\/www.nihr.ac.uk\/documents\/payment\u2010guidance\u2010for\u2010members\u2010of\u2010the\u2010public\u2010considering\u2010involvement\u2010in\u2010research\/27372#how\u2010to\u2010cite\u2010this\u2010guidance."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1704846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"U.Enders\u2010Drag\u00e4sser \u201cWomen and Homelessness in Germany. Gender Perspectives on Homelessness Homeless in Europe \u201d2010 https:\/\/www.feantsa.org\/download\/homeless_in_europe_spring10_en5953934337965060559.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Morris and Company \u201cFamily Emergency Accommodation Guidance \u201d2023 https:\/\/morrisand.company\/assets\/Research\u2010Report_FINAL_231101\u2010lowres.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"Children's Commissioner \u201cBleak House: Tackling the Crises of Family Homelessness in England \u201d2019 https:\/\/www.childrenscommissioner.gov.uk\/resource\/bleak\u2010houses\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1280s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence \u201cMaternal and Child Nutrition (PH11) \u201d2008 https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ph11."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","unstructured":"ENGENDER \u201cA Woman's Place: Gender Housing and Homelessness in Scotland \u201d2020 https:\/\/www.engender.org.uk\/content\/publications\/A\u2010WOMANS\u2010PLACE\u2010\u2010\u2010GENDER\u2010HOUSING\u2010AND\u2010HOMELESSNESS\u2010IN\u2010SCOTLAND.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/johv.2020.8.11.458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Midwives \u201cDuty to Refer: Guidance for Midwives on the Homelessness Reduction Act \u201d2019 https:\/\/www.rcm.org.uk\/media\/3115\/duty\u2010to\u2010refer\u2010guidance\u2010for\u2010midwives\u2010on\u2010the\u2010homelessness\u2010reduction\u2010act\u2010a5\u201016pp_6.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010022\u201004724\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Midwives \u201cSupporting Midwives to Address the Needs of Women Suffering From Severe and Multiple Disadvantage: Position Statement \u201d2020 https:\/\/rcm.org.uk\/publications\/supporting\u2010midwives\u2010to\u2010address\u2010the\u2010needs\u2010of\u2010women\u2010suffering\u2010from\u2010severe\u2010and\u2010multiple\u2010disadvantage\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-10812-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","unstructured":"Birthrights \u201cHolding It All Together: Understanding How Far the Human Rights of Women Facing Disadvantage are Respected During Pregnancy Birth and Postnatal Care \u201d2019 https:\/\/birthrights.org.uk\/campaigns\u2010research\/severe\u2010disadvantage\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198788850.001.0001"}],"container-title":["Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/birt.12919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T04:49:07Z","timestamp":1757911747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/birt.12919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/birt.12919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12919","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7659","1523-536X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-536X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}