{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:18:22Z","timestamp":1773037102638,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD101373\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD101373\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anemia is associated with pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, peripartum hemorrhage, and maternal and fetal mortality. Pregnant people of color have higher anemia prevalence compared with White pregnant people, contributing to disparities in pregnancy outcomes. Social determinants of health (SDoH), place\u2010based characteristics that negatively influence health, may help explain anemia disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to quantify community\u2010level variation in prenatal anemia prevalence and identify associated individual\u2010 and community\u2010level characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic health records for 3,800 pregnant patients at a tertiary academic medical center in 2015\u20132019 were linked using home location with community variables from the Chicago Health Atlas. Multilevel log Poisson regression models were used to assess individual and community characteristics predictive of anemia prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anemia prevalence was 20%. Higher rates were concentrated in Chicago's South and West Sides, regions with greater health disparities and lower access to resources. In bivariate analyses, community\u2010level poverty, crime, and food access measures were associated with anemia. However, in multilevel models, only 3% of the variance in anemia prevalence was explained by differences between community areas. Individual characteristics\u2014age, race, and ethnicity\u2014remained significant predictors, while community\u2010level characteristics were not independently associated with anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal anemia prevalence was high and varied across Chicago neighborhoods. Yet, community\u2010level characteristics did not provide additional explanatory insight. Stark racial disparities in anemia prevalence highlight the need for research into both SDoH in more geographically diverse samples and individual\u2010level clinical risk factors. These insights inform intervention targets to improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.70064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:26:53Z","timestamp":1773034013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individual and Community\u2010Level Predictors of Anemia in Chicago\u2010Area Pregnancies: A Multi\u2010Level Analysis of Electronic Health Record Data"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6466-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prathiba","family":"Balakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Pobee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongchao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago Colleges of Engineering and Medicine University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Pe\u00f1alver Bernab\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago Colleges of Engineering and Medicine University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Dawn","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development Nursing Science University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004022","article-title":"An Expanded Obstetric Comorbidity Scoring System for Predicting Severe Maternal Morbidity","volume":"136","author":"Leonard S. 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