{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:53:28Z","timestamp":1791968008242,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Childbirth in health facilities now covers the large majority of births in Peru, and the conditions of institutional care shape the experience of almost every woman who gives birth. We argue that obstetric violence should be understood as a form of institutional production of psychological trauma, which quality\u2010of\u2010care frameworks do not capture. Accountability for mistreatment in childbirth is weak across health systems for reasons that extend beyond the legal status of the conduct, and Peru illustrates these limits: obstetric violence is named in sectoral technical standards but has not been legislated on, and the standards that prohibit specific practices attach no sanction to non\u2010compliance. Drawing on this analysis and on evidence linking obstetric violence to perinatal posttraumatic stress and postnatal depression, we propose that such harm be recognized as iatrogenic. We outline implications for trauma\u2010informed care, for informed consent as a clinical process, and for the systematic monitoring of women's experiences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:32:02Z","timestamp":1791966722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When Care Harms: Obstetric Violence as Institutional Trauma in Peru"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0146-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olenka","family":"Retiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa  Lima Peru"},{"name":"Universidad del Desarrollo  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1598-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eimy","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhm.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09688080.2018.1508173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Per\u00fa: Encuesta Demogr\u00e1fica y de Salud Familiar \u2010 ENDES 2024","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica e Inform\u00e1tica","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.15270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables \u201cReglamento de la Ley N.\u00b0 30364 Ley Para Prevenir Sancionar y Erradicar la Violencia Contra las Mujeres y Los Integrantes del Grupo Familiar \u201dDecreto Supremo N.\u00b0 009\u20102016\u2010MIMP 27 de julio de 2016 https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/institucion\/mimp\/normas\u2010legales\/20809\u2010009\u20102016\u2010mimp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Per\u00fa. Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica \u201cLey N.\u00b0 30862 Ley Que Fortalece Diversas Normas Para Prevenir Sancionar y Erradicar la Violencia Contra las Mujeres y los Integrantes del Grupo Familiar \u201dDiario Oficial El Peruano 25 de octubre de 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Per\u00fa. Ministerio de SaludandDirecci\u00f3n General de Salud de las Personas \u201cNorma T\u00e9cnica de Salud Para la Atenci\u00f3n Integral de Salud Materna: NTS N.\u00b0 105\u2010MINSA\/DGSP\u2010V.01 \u201dAprobada por Resoluci\u00f3n Ministerial N.\u00b0 827\u20132013\/MINSA Ministerio de Salud 2013 https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/institucion\/minsa\/normas\u2010legales\/198935\u2010827\u20102013\u2010minsa."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Norma T\u00e9cnica de Salud Para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Eliminaci\u00f3n de la Violencia de G\u00e9nero en los Establecimientos de Salud que Brinden Servicios de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva: NTS N.\u00b0 180\u2010MINSA\/DGIESP\u20102021. 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