{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:45:16Z","timestamp":1787013916956,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n The relationship between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been the subject of interest for some time due to the historical assumption that\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n causes\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . This study systematically examined the association between\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in terms of prevalence and clinical presentation. The specificity of the association between\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n was investigated relative to another axis I anxiety disorder (Panic disorder).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design and Method<\/jats:title>\n \n Data for this study were drawn from measures taken at initial assessment at a specialist treatment centre for anxiety disorders. Of the 359 participants included in this study, 189 had a principal diagnosis of\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , while 170 had a principal diagnosis of Panic disorder. Measures included\n SCID<\/jats:styled-content>\n I and\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n interview modules and self\u2010report measures of anxiety, depression, and\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n syptomatology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Significantly elevated rates of\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n were found in\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n relative to Panic disorder. Regardless of axis I disorder, individuals with comorbid\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n reported more severe depression relative to those without. Participants with both\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n had greater self\u2010reported\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptom severity, doubting, ordering, and hoarding symptoms at assessment relative to those without\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Participants with\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and comorbid\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n also reported significantly higher levels of alcohol consumption.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n There appears to be a significant and specific association between\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Co\u2010occurring\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n is associated with greater severity of impairment in terms of certain\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n \n Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n The significant and specific association between\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n suggests that\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n occurs more frequently with\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n than previously suggested.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n A comorbid\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis is associated with a greater degree of depression, regardless of axis I disorder, either\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n or Panic disorder. This is an important consideration, as depression can interfere with therapeutic progress (Foa, 1979).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Participants with\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n had greater self\u2010reported\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n severity, along with doubting, ordering, and hoarding symptoms, relative to those without\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In clinical practice, where\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms are severe, and the primary\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms include doubting, ordering, and hoarding, this may indicate a need to assess for comorbid\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . This may be useful in terms of including relevant information in formulation with the patient, and in addressing these issues in treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Limitations of the study<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n There may have been a sampling issue, as the study compared patients from a specialist clinic for the treatment of\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and Panic disorder. Furthermore,\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n referrals were primary, secondary, or tertiary, whereas Panic disorder referrals were primary or secondary from the immediate catchment area only. This suggests the possibility of greater severity of the\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n sample relative to Panic disorder patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n All participants who met criteria for\n OCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n were assessed for\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n regardless of whether or not this was indicated by the\n SCID II<\/jats:styled-content>\n screener self\u2010report measure, while participants with Panic disorder were interviewed for\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n only if indicated by the\n SCID<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n screener. Had participants with Panic disorder been assessed for\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n regardless of whether or not this was indicated by the\n SCID<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n screener, there is a possibility that a higher rate of\n OCPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the Panic disorder sample may have been found.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T06:12:37Z","timestamp":1358489557000},"page":"300-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The association between obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive personality disorder: Prevalence and clinical presentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Olivia M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma South London and Maudsley NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Salkovskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma South London and Maudsley NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria B.","family":"Oldfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma South London and Maudsley NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma South London and Maudsley NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2004.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy of personality disorders","author":"Beck A. 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