{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:39:16Z","timestamp":1788928756337,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The aims of the study were to (1) revise the Impact of Event Scale\u2013Revised for use with people with intellectual disabilities (\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s), creating the Impact of Event Scale\u2013Intellectual Disabilities (\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s), (2) assess the reliability of the\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, and (3) compare the IES\u2010IDs to an existing measure trauma\u2010related symptomatology, namely the Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scale (\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), along with measures of anxiety and depression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty adults with\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s who had experienced at least one traumatic event were recruited and completed the\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and the\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n on two occasions, separated by 2\u00a0weeks. Participants also completed the Glasgow Depression Scale and the Glasgow Anxiety Scale, along with the Trauma Information Form which was used to collect information about trauma history.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifteen per cent of the sample had encountered five or more traumatic events. The\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and the\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n had good to excellent internal consistency and test\u2013retest reliability. Both measures correlated with self\u2010report measures of depression and anxiety, although the strength of this correlation was greater with the\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . There was a significant positive correlation between trauma frequency and the\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, while trauma frequency did not correlate with the\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Both the\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and the\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n appear to have good reliability.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n There is a lack of well\u2010developed questionnaires that can be used to assess symptoms of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in people with intellectual disabilities.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The Impact of Event Scale\u2013Revised was augmented creating the Impact of Event Scale\u2010Intellectual Disabilities (\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s). The\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s was shown to have good psychometric properties.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s was compared to the Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scale (\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), but the\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n did not correlate with trauma frequency.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n However, this study had a small sample size, and a much larger study is needed to examine the factor structure of both the\n IES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and the\n LANTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Future studies should attempt to recruit people with\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s who have a diagnosis of\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T04:39:05Z","timestamp":1396240745000},"page":"315-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Measuring symptoms of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder in people with intellectual disabilities: The development and psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale\u2010Intellectual Disabilities (\n IES<\/scp>\n \u2010\n ID<\/scp>\n s)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"James C.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Jobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"},{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Langdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tizard Centre University of Kent Canterbury UK"},{"name":"Broadland Clinic Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102788.1995.tb00542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.68.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400808"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102788.2007.00972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Developmental assessment in clinical child psychology: A handbook","author":"Cicchetti D. V.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.02.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration and scoring procedures manual","author":"Derogatis L. R.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102788.2006.00860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040\u20103590.13.3.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2005.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040\u20103590.9.4.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744\u20106163.2008.00142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Measure of stress, trauma and adaptation","author":"Green B. L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102788.2006.00844.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20102322.2004.00188.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.1.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010009\u20100046\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102788.2008.01110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 20.0.0.0, 64\u2010bit edition)","author":"IBM","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010012\u20109620\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Predictable crisis in the lives of people with mental retardation","volume":"3","author":"Levitas A. S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mental Health Aspects of Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.66.2.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0047\u20106765(1998)036<0012:CFASAC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195165678.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"936","article-title":"Association of intelligence with severity of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Vietnam combat veterans","volume":"6","author":"McNally R. J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2010.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.111.1.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102788.2003.00457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20103148.2005.00235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/bjdd.1992.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.5.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102788.1998.00116.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838000001002003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20103156.2003.00254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","first-page":"460","article-title":"Psychological symptoms of abuse in people with severe intellectual disabilities (ID)","volume":"48","author":"O'Callaghan A. C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015\u20105759.22.4.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.4.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"Emotional disturbance and mental retardation: Diagnostic overshadowing","volume":"86","author":"Reiss S.","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02188874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2801_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Psychological disturbance associated with sexual abuse in people with intellectual disabilities (ID): A case\u2013control study","volume":"48","author":"Sequeira H.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for people with learning disabilities","author":"Stenfert\u2010Kroese B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20103148.1993.tb00053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107319119700400107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","volume-title":"WAIS\u2010III (UK): Administration and scoring manual","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD: A handbook for practitioners","author":"Weiss D. S.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2010.534576"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00050069208257591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949502800603"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbjc.12048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjc.12048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T11:11:51Z","timestamp":1761736311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjc.12048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjc.12048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.12048","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-6657","2044-8260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-6657","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]}}}