{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:23:13Z","timestamp":1792855393880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Cognitive Growth and Stress (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) model draws together cognitive processing factors previously untested into a single model. Intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, present and future perceptions of control, and event centrality were assessed as predictors of post\u2010traumatic growth (PTG) and post\u2010traumatic stress (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      model is tested on a sample of survivors (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0250) of a diverse range of adverse events using structural equation\u00a0modelling techniques.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, the best fitting model was supportive of the theorized relations between cognitive constructs and accounted for 30% of the variance in PTG and 68% of the variance in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      across the sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rumination, centrality, and perceived control factors are significant determinants of positive and negative psychological change across the wide spectrum of adversarial events. In its first phase of development, the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      model also provides further evidence of the distinct processes of growth and distress following adversity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:bold>Clinical implications<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>People can experience positive change after adversity, regardless of life background or types of events experienced.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>While growth and distress are possible outcomes after adversity, they occur through distinct processes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Support or intervention should consider rumination, event centrality, and perceived control factors to enhance psychological well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:bold>Cautions\/limitations<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Longitudinal research would further clarify the findings found in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Further extension of the model is recommended to include other viable cognitive processes implicated in the development of positive and negative changes after adversity.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T13:38:04Z","timestamp":1493732284000},"page":"286-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Rumination, event centrality, and perceived control as predictors of post\u2010traumatic growth and distress: The Cognitive Growth and Stress model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Central Lancashire Preston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Graham\u2010Kevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Central Lancashire Preston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9649-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education and Psychology University of Bolton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Central Lancashire Preston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2015.1015422"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"Amos (Version 23.0) [Computer Program]","author":"Arbuckle J. 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