{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:06:23Z","timestamp":1788627983570,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The new International Classification of Diseases was published in 2018 (ICD\u201011; World Health Organization, 2018) and now includes \u2018Mixed depressive and anxiety disorder\u2019 (6A73: MDAD) designated as a mood disorder. This disorder is defined by symptoms of both anxiety and depression occurring more days than not, for a period of two weeks, and neither set of symptoms considered separately reaches a diagnostic threshold for either disorder. However, to date no study has examined the validity of these guidelines in a general population sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using Goldberg et\u00a0al.\u2019s (2017) guidelines regarding measurement of depression and anxiety, this study used factor mixture modelling (FMM) to examine the validity of the ICD\u201011 criteria of MDAD. Symptom endorsement rates are provided as well as demographic predictors and somatization outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fit indices suggested the two\u2010factor four\u2010class solution was the best balance between model complexity and model fit. The results did not support a class that is subsyndromal to both anxiety and depression. On the contrary, we suggest that there exists a \u2018Comorbid\u2019 class that represents endorsement of both anxiety and depression symptoms at a higher level when compared to both \u2018anxiety\u2019 and \u2018depression\u2019 groups. Demographic predictors, as well as somatization and functional impairment outcomes, provided support for this FMM solution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u2018Comorbid\u2019 group was the largest symptomatic group and had the highest levels of both anxiety and depression symptoms. Importantly, this group was larger than either the \u2018anxiety\u2019 or \u2018depression\u2019 group and was associated with high levels of functional impairment and somatization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T09:21:48Z","timestamp":1626513708000},"page":"18-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["ICD\u201011 \u2018mixed depressive and anxiety disorder\u2019 is clinical rather than sub\u2010clinical and more common than anxiety and depression in the general population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster University Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maynooth University Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster University Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Owczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster University Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menachem","family":"Ben\u2010Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ariel University Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanos","family":"Karatzias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Napier University UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1694-0_29"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM\u2010III\u2010\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.107.2.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2018.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Trauma sympton inventory\u20102 (TSI\u20102) manual","author":"Briere J.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Clark S. 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