{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:04:04Z","timestamp":1791860644529,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the evidence regarding the effectiveness of schema therapy for anxiety disorders, obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder (OCD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review followed the recommendation of the PRISMA guidelines. A database search (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, and Academic Search Ultimate) was conducted to identify eligible studies up until 2 April 2021. The search included the keywords (\u2018schema therap*\u2019 or \u2018schema group therap*\u2019 or \u2018schema mode therap*\u2019 or \u2018schema focused\u2019 or \u2018young\u2019s model\u2019) and (\u2018anxiety disorder*\u2019 or \u2018anxiety\u2010related disorder*\u2019 or \u2018agoraphobia\u2019 or \u2018health anxiety\u2019 or \u2018phobi*\u2019 or \u2018panic disorder\u2019 or \u2018obsessive compulsive disorder\u2019 or \u2018OCD\u2019 or \u2018posttraumatic stress\u2019 or \u2018post traumatic stress\u2019 or \u2018PTSD\u2019 or \u2018hypochondria\u2019 or \u2018axis 1\u2019). Included studies were appraised on methodological quality according to the Psychotherapy Outcome study Methodology Rating Form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 41 studies that were eligible based on the topic. However, only six (comprising 316 anxiety, OCD, and PTSD patients) could be included despite lenient methodological inclusion\/exclusion criteria. Results showed that schema therapy can lead to beneficial effects in disorder\u2010specific symptoms and early maladaptive schemas. Yet, we also uncovered substantial methodological limitations in most studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schema therapy is a promising treatment for anxiety, OCD, and PTSD. Yet, there is a systematic problem in the quality of research despite growing clinical interest and application. We therefore concluded with a research agenda presenting recommendations for future research that will be crucial for building a solid evidence\u2010base for schema therapy in chronic anxiety, OCD, and PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>A systematic review on the effectiveness of schema therapy for anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Preliminary but limited evidence that schema therapy leads to beneficial effects in disorder\u2010specific symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Preliminary but limited evidence that schema therapy leads to beneficial effects in early maladaptive schemas in anxiety, OCD, and PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>More research of higher methodological quality is needed to provide more conclusive empirical support for the use of schema therapy for anxiety, OCD, and PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T06:01:40Z","timestamp":1627020100000},"page":"579-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["The effectiveness of schema therapy for patients with anxiety disorders, OCD, or PTSD: A systematic review and research agenda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2988-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Peeters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pro Persona Overwaal Centre for anxiety, OCD and PTSD  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"van Passel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pro Persona Overwaal Centre for anxiety, OCD and PTSD  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8015-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Krans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pro Persona Overwaal Centre for anxiety, OCD and PTSD  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010021\u201010209\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702619858071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u2010006x.52.6.1090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005\u20107967(85)90140\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2011.606803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: Science and practice","author":"Clark D. 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