{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T07:23:19Z","timestamp":1782544999002,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n High rates of probable post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been reported for frontline healthcare staff during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. However, rates determined by diagnostic assessment are unknown, as are the onset of symptoms and associated index events.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We assessed frontline healthcare staff with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u20105.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Forty\u2010four percent met criteria for PTSD and 39% met criteria for MDD. Twenty\u2010four percent reported COVID\u201019 trauma as their index event, with the majority of staff reporting trauma that pre\u2010dated the pandemic. While PTSD was likely to be pre\u2010existing, MDD was more likely to develop during pandemic working.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These findings indicate the propensity of healthcare staff to experience a range of occupational and personal trauma associated with PTSD and the need to assess index trauma when diagnosing psychopathology in order to best understand the needs of this workforce.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n We found high diagnostic rates of PTSD (44%) and major depression (39%) among frontline healthcare staff working during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Although major depression developed during the pandemic, PTSD was more likely to be pre\u2010existing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n When assessing pandemic\u2010related psychopathology, it is important to assess the onset and index event related to symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Healthcare workers appear to have high rates of PTSD related to occupational and personal trauma, which warrants specific focus in service planning.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T04:59:13Z","timestamp":1635483553000},"page":"859-866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder and major depression among frontline healthcare staff working during the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5463-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbie","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haddi","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6932a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"2016","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM\u20105, clinician version (SCID\u20105\u2010CV)","author":"First M. B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3410\/f.737753881.793573614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010040620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.099838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S138750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-210438"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20\u20101083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Litz B. T. Keane T. M. et\u00a0al. (2013).The PTSD Checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD. 2013.www.ptsd.va.gov"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjc.12340","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjc.12340","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjc.12340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:40:33Z","timestamp":1761730833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjc.12340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjc.12340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.12340","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-6657","2044-8260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-6657","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}