{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:58:00Z","timestamp":1789239480528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012620","name":"Royal Holloway, University of London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recovery from sexual trauma can be complex and multi\u2010faceted. Most current psychological treatment protocols for trauma use a cognitive model of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, sexual trauma may include specific complexities beyond that of a cognitive model of PTSD, such as relational factors. The distress experienced after sexual abuse may involve variables not exclusive to a PTSD model. Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is an approach that incorporates evolutionary, relational and social perspectives. This study explored the relationships between variables associated with CFT, PTSD and distress in survivors of sexual abuse to determine the role of CFT\u2010related variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>155 adults who had experienced sexual abuse or any unwanted sexual experience at any point in their lives completed online questionnaires pertaining to various CFT variables (self\u2010compassion, receiving compassion from others, having a fear of compassion from others, having a fear of compassion from the self, shame and self\u2010criticism) and questionnaires measuring global distress as the outcome of sexual abuse and PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An exploratory model involving CFT\u2010related variables explained significantly more of the variance (4.4%) in global distress than PTSD symptomology alone. Self\u2010criticism was found to be the variable with significant contribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>That CFT treatments, targeting self\u2010criticism, should be developed alongside the standard cognitive model of PTSD based treatments for survivors of sexual abuse was supported. Future research may explore experimental designs utilizing CFT in this population, as well as further investigations on the roles of these specific CFT variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T11:20:14Z","timestamp":1712056814000},"page":"378-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the roles of compassion and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder on global distress after sexual trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0796-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runa","family":"Dawood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Life and Environmental Sciences Royal Holloway University of London  Egham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Vosper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Life and Environmental Sciences Royal Holloway University of London  Egham UK"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Psychology Service Barts Health NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Irons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Balanced Minds Ltd  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Psychology Service Barts Health NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Life and Environmental Sciences Royal Holloway University of London  Egham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.2.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220905631"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23645-8_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21959"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295x.103.4.670"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Sexual assault and posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of the biological, psychological and sociological factors and treatments","volume":"9","author":"Chivers\u2010Wilson K. A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"McGill Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816022-0.00006-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2019.1710634"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018813198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211032213"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010020\u201000709\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108341.1998.tb00998.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"The compassionate mind","author":"Gilbert P.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"Overcoming depression 3rd edition: A self\u2010help guide using cognitive behavioural techniques","author":"Gilbert P.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203851197"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"A brief outline of the evolutionary approach for compassion focused therapy","volume":"3","author":"Gilbert P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"EC Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40639\u2010017\u20100033\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/147608310X526511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence\u2010from domestic abuse to political terror","author":"Herman J.","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Using compassion focused therapy to work with shame and self\u2010criticism in complex trauma","volume":"3","author":"Irons C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australian Clinical Psychologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","unstructured":"Kjose A.(2019).Post\u2010assault recovery in undergraduate college students: The role of mindfulness and self\u2010compassion. (Doctor of Philosophy). University of Oklahoma."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/12141-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.29.11.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","volume-title":"The compassionate mind approach to recovering from trauma using compassion focused therapy","author":"Lee D. A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711201161109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.547241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","unstructured":"McAllister P.(2019).Sexual violence and mental health: An analysis of the mediating role of self\u2010compassion using a feminist lens. (Master of Science). Kansas State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886\u20106708.v33.i3.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLean L. Steindl S. R. &Bambling M.(2017).Compassion\u2010focused Therapy as an Intervention for Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2017.1390718","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1390718"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Self\u2010compassion as a predictor of traumatic shameful memories among selected Indian sexually abused female children","volume":"10","author":"Minimol J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s1267\u2010016\u20100493\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","volume-title":"Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (NG116)","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (NICE)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","volume-title":"The trauma of sexual assault: Treatment, prevention and practice","author":"Petrak J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","volume-title":"The trauma of sexual assault: Treatment, prevention and practice","author":"Petrak J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005566112869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490050309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726717751034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5110094"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Complex trauma: The Tavistock model","author":"Scott S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","unstructured":"Smallwood J.(2020).Increasing access to cervical screening following sexual assault: The my body Back app. (Doctor in Clinical Psychology). Royal Holloway University of London.https:\/\/pure.royalholloway.ac.uk\/admin\/files\/38967072\/2020SmallwoodJDClinPsy.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","unstructured":"Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust. (2021).Trauma service.https:\/\/tavistockandportman.nhs.uk\/care\u2010and\u2010treatment\/our\u2010clinical\u2010services\/trauma\u2010service\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010013\u20100244\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","unstructured":"TransPlus. (2022).TransPlus.https:\/\/www.wearetransplus.co.uk"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2022.100308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019).ICD\u201011: International classification of diseases (11th revision).https:\/\/icd.who.int\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for PTSD: A case formulation approach","author":"Zayfert C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20072"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjc.12465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:03:56Z","timestamp":1761743036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjc.12465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjc.12465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.12465","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-6657","2044-8260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-6657","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}