{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:34:57Z","timestamp":1790868897601,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008914","name":"Ontario Brain Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental condition and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Research suggests that some populations, such as females and individuals with high intelligence quotients may be a risk for late ADHD diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Our goal is to advance our understanding of ADHD diagnosis, by examining (1) how child sex and cognitive abilities together are related to the age of diagnosis and (2) whether symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analyses contained children who completed the required tests (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009568) from a pre\u2010existing dataset of 1380 children with ADHD from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network (pond\u2010network.ca). First, we conducted a moderation analysis with sex as the predictor, cognitive abilities as the moderator, and age of diagnosis as the outcome. Second, we conducted correlation analyses examining how symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher IQ was related to a later age of diagnosis. Higher hyperactive\u2013impulsive symptoms and externalizing symptoms were related to an earlier age of diagnosis. Internalizing symptoms were trend associated with a later age of diagnosis in girls. Higher socioeconomic status and non\u2010White maternal ethnicity were related to later age of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IQ, sex, ADHD symptomology, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and socio\u2010demographic factors affect the age of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T02:14:22Z","timestamp":1719195262000},"page":"627-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sex and intelligence quotient differences in age of diagnosis among youth with attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0455-7474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolynn","family":"Hare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Institute University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Western Institute for Neuroscience University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay P.","family":"Bodell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1112-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Bruce","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Western Institute for Neuroscience University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Nicolson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Ayub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Crosbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Schachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Anagnostou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital  East York Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Child and Parent Resource Institute  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Institute University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Western Institute for Neuroscience University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school\u2010age forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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