{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:46:54Z","timestamp":1791798414619,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured group psychotherapy program integrating cognitive training (CT) and goal management training (GMT) across neuropsychological, coping and behavioural levels in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) under deferred prosecution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing a pre\u2013post design, this study analysed data from 35 patients under deferred prosecution who were enrolled in a compulsory addiction treatment programme consisting of 10\u2010session group psychotherapy incorporating CT and GMT. Patients were primarily addicted to heroin, methamphetamine or cannabis. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, including the Stroop Colour\u2010Word Test (SCWT) to assess inhibition, the Tower of London\u2010DX (ToL\u2010DX) to assess planning and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to assess cognitive flexibility. Additionally, participants completed the Daily Executive Behaviours Scale and substance use was tracked via urine tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant improvements were observed in the SCWT colour\u2010word score (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22122.78,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.009,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.43), ToL\u2010DX execution time (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.40,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.38) and rule violation metrics (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22123.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.57), as well as WCST perseverative errors (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22123.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.51); however, no significant changes were found in self\u2010reported assessments or urine tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combined CT and GMT intervention significantly improved cognitive functions, although it did not lead to a notable reduction in substance use. This approach was associated with measurable improvements in executive functions, while highlighting the limits of short\u2010term cognitive enhancement in altering substance use behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:49:39Z","timestamp":1777513779000},"page":"1128-1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic effectiveness of group psychotherapy incorporating cognitive and goal management training in substance use disorder patients under deferred prosecution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po\u2010Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3815-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jui\u2010Chien","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8091-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kao Chin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5836-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rwei\u2010Ling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39903-0_77"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000211"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2015.1129437"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","volume-title":"Tower of London\u2010Drexel University (TOLDX)","author":"Culbertson C. 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