{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:25:08Z","timestamp":1786973108612,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI chatbots are increasingly becoming a first common point of mental health disclosure for adolescents, suggesting a potential \u2018Step 0\u2019 within stepped\u2010care pathways prior access to professional help. This study examined how daydreaming styles and self\u2010compassion relate to adolescents' disclosure of inner thoughts to an AI \u2018listener\u2019, and whether these psychological processes differ among young people with ADHD, for whom spontaneous mind wandering and attentional control difficulties may be especially salient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A large\u2010scale cross\u2010sectional online survey was conducted with adolescents and young people from the United States and Hong Kong.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 2115 adolescents with and without ADHD identification. Structural equation modelling was used to test hypothesized pathways between daydreaming styles, self\u2010compassion and AI disclosure with multi\u2010group analyses (ADHD vs. peers).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Youth with ADHD differed markedly from their peers in daydreaming styles and self\u2010compassion. Pathways from daydreaming styles to AI disclosure also differed by ADHD status. Self\u2010compassion showed context\u2010dependent associations. Among youth with ADHD, higher self\u2010compassion predicted reduced AI disclosure. In the general population group, self\u2010compassion amplified disclosure associated with positive\u2010constructive daydreaming, while constraining disclosure linked to guilty\u2010dysphoric daydreaming and poor attentional\u2010control daydreaming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010compassion and daydreaming styles jointly influence adolescents' tendencies to disclose mental health\u2010related experiences to AI chatbots, with substantially different patterns among youth with ADHD. These findings suggest that AI\u2010based \u2018Step 0\u2019 disclosures should be interpreted within stepped\u2010care models with attention to individual differences and neurodiversity. Tailored, neurodiversity\u2010informed approaches may be needed when integrating AI disclosure into youth mental health support pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:34:41Z","timestamp":1786970081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The new first listener: Daydreaming styles and self\u2010compassion predict adolescent disclosure to\n                    <scp>AI<\/scp>\n                    , differently in\n                    <scp>ADHD<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8059-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work &amp; Social Administration The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9333-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Nam","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work &amp; Social Administration The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.JFCM_142_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD","volume":"121","author":"Barkley R. 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