{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:20:29Z","timestamp":1787721629921,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Clinic Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined whether affective factors, emotion regulation strategies, cumulative trauma exposure, resilience and perceived social support are differentially associated with PTSD symptom severity across the symptom spectrum in Syrian refugees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were 461 adult Syrian refugees residing in T\u00fcrkiye (M\u2009=\u200941.54, SD\u2009=\u200912.08), of whom 73.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009339) were women. Quantile regression was used to examine whether associations with affective variables, emotion regulation strategies, cumulative trauma exposure, resilience and perceived social support varied across the PTSD symptom distribution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression and anxiety were associated with PTSD symptoms across all quantiles, indicating that transdiagnostic affective distress is a stable correlate across the severity continuum. By contrast, emotion regulation strategies showed heterogeneous associations across symptom levels. Cognitive reappraisal demonstrated a stronger inverse association with PTSD at higher symptom levels, whereas expressive suppression was more strongly associated with severe symptoms. Type II traumas, reflecting repeated relational and identity\u2010related adversities, were associated primarily with lower\u2010to\u2010moderate PTSD severity, whereas Type III traumas, reflecting chronic and ongoing stress exposure, were associated with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe symptom levels. Resilience and perceived social support were not independently associated with PTSD after accounting for emotional distress and cumulative trauma exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight the importance of considering symptom heterogeneity when examining PTSD in refugee populations. Emotion regulation processes and cumulative trauma exposure demonstrated severity\u2010specific associations, suggesting that assessment and intervention planning may benefit from considering where individuals fall along the PTSD symptom continuum rather than relying solely on average population\u2010level effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:34:08Z","timestamp":1787718848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping PTSD across the symptom spectrum: Affective, emotion regulation and cumulative trauma predictors in Syrian refugees: A quantile regression approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3479-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre Han","family":"Alpay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Mersin University  Mersin T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Guidance and Psychological Counseling Practice and Research Center Mersin University  Mersin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000894"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.70133","article-title":"Discrimination\u2010based continuous traumatic stress, PTSD and chronic pain in Syrian refugees: A moderated mediation analysis","volume":"32","author":"Alpay E. H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"272","article-title":"The effects of COVID\u201019 continuous traumatic stress on mental health: The case of Syrian refugees in Turkey","volume":"27","author":"Alpay E. H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2022.100397","article-title":"A systematic review of prevalence and correlates of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety in displaced Syrian population","volume":"10","author":"Aysazci\u2010Cakar F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.01.003","article-title":"Emotion regulation difficulties as a prospective predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a mass shooting","volume":"27","author":"Bardeen J. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2164","article-title":"The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders compared with diagnosis\u2010specific protocols for anxiety disorders: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Barlow D. H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105): Development and initial psychometric evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins C. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u2013fifth edition (PCL\u20105) in veterans","volume":"28","author":"Bovin M. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2017.36.10.835","article-title":"Mental health of Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey: The role of pre\u2010migration and post\u2010migration risk factors","volume":"36","author":"Cantekin D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.316","article-title":"Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications","volume":"100","author":"Clark L. A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.20706","article-title":"Evidence for proposed ICD\u201011 PTSD and complex PTSD: A latent profile analysis","volume":"4","author":"Cloitre M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.5.1067","article-title":"Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phase\u2010based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse","volume":"70","author":"Cloitre M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor\u2010Davidson resilience scale (CD\u2010RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor K. M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20255","article-title":"Problem management plus (PM+): A WHO transdiagnostic psychological intervention for common mental health problems","volume":"14","author":"Dawson K. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032485","article-title":"Continuous traumatic stress: Expanding the lexicon of traumatic stress","volume":"19","author":"Eagle G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.04.004","article-title":"Emotion regulation difficulties in trauma survivors: The role of trauma type and PTSD symptom severity","volume":"41","author":"Ehring T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22819","article-title":"Subthreshold PTSD and PTSD in a prospective\u2010longitudinal cohort of military personnel: Potential targets for preventive interventions","volume":"35","author":"Fink D. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0325-4","article-title":"Depression sum\u2010scores don't add up: Why analyzing specific depression symptoms is essential","volume":"13","author":"Fried E. I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01668-w","article-title":"Systems all the way down: Embracing complexity in mental health research","volume":"18","author":"Fried E. I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference","author":"George D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.060","article-title":"Examining the boundaries between ICD\u201011 PTSD\/CPTSD and depression and anxiety symptoms: A network analysis perspective","volume":"262","author":"Gilbar O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1017\/S0048577201393198","article-title":"Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences","volume":"39","author":"Gross J. J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","article-title":"Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well\u2010being","volume":"85","author":"Gross J. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001698","article-title":"Progressive worsening of posttraumatic stress symptoms in Syrian and Iraqi refugees associated with cumulative and victimization trauma: A longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Hinchey L. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2018.2","article-title":"Are posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex\u2010PTSD distinguishable within a treatment\u2010seeking sample of Syrian refugees living in Lebanon?","volume":"5","author":"Hyland P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Mental Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717746666","article-title":"The social determinants of refugee mental health in the post\u2010migration context: A critical review","volume":"63","author":"Hynie M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1839-z","article-title":"The validity of posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105) as screening instrument with Kurdish and Arab displaced populations living in the Kurdistan region of Iraq","volume":"18","author":"Ibrahim H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09.032","article-title":"Evidence of distinct profiles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) based on the new ICD\u201011 trauma questionnaire (ICD\u2010TQ)","volume":"207","author":"Karatzias T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.03.001","article-title":"Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health","volume":"30","author":"Kashdan T. B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Validation of the Arabic translation of the Multidensional scale of social support (Arabic MSPSS) in a Lebanese community sample","volume":"23","author":"Kazarian R. M. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arab Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/153476560100700202","article-title":"Taxonomy of trauma and trauma assessment","volume":"7","author":"Kira I. A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765610365914","article-title":"Etiology and treatment of post\u2010cumulative traumatic stress disorders in different cultures","volume":"16","author":"Kira I. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.2693","article-title":"A type III continuous trauma perspective on the effects of increased ongoing hostility, discrimination, community violence and poverty on refugees' mental health and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study","volume":"33","author":"Kira I. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765612459892","article-title":"The dynamics of cumulative trauma and trauma types in adult patients with psychiatric disorders: Two cross\u2010cultural studies","volume":"19","author":"Kira I. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765608319324","article-title":"Measuring cumulative trauma dose, types, and profiles using a development\u2010based taxonomy of traumas","volume":"14","author":"Kira I. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22987","article-title":"An empirical investigation of definitions of subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"37","author":"Klein A. B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511754098","volume-title":"Quantile regression [M]. Econometric Society Monographs","author":"Koenker R.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2307\/1913643","article-title":"Regression quantiles","volume":"46","author":"Koenker R.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00529.x","article-title":"Structural and functional neuroplasticity in relation to traumatic stress","volume":"16","author":"Kolassa I.\u2010T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ\u20109: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20175","article-title":"Transdiagnostic factors of mental disorders","volume":"14","author":"Krueger R. F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000127","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for distress and impairment in OEF\/OIF\/OND veterans","volume":"9","author":"Lang A. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2012.05.003","article-title":"The impact of treatment components suggested by the psychological flexibility model: A meta\u2010analysis of laboratory\u2010based component studies","volume":"43","author":"Levin M. E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0723-0","article-title":"The relationship between post\u2010migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers","volume":"18","author":"Li S. S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15406\/jpcpy.2015.03.00147","article-title":"Examination of two emotion regulation strategies in a Lebanese community sample: Validation of the Arabic emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ)","volume":"3","author":"Merhi R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796016000172","article-title":"The mental health of civilians displaced by armed conflict: An ecological model of refugee distress","volume":"26","author":"Miller K. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.05.001","article-title":"Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress\u2010related symptoms?","volume":"46","author":"Moore S. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015585316","article-title":"Continuous traumatic situations in the face of ongoing political violence: The relationship between CTS and PTSD","volume":"17","author":"Nuttman\u2010Shwartz O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.3.1) [Computer software]","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104220","article-title":"Multiple trauma exposure and psychopathology in Syrian refugees living in Turkey: A latent class analysis","volume":"245","author":"Rawers C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2729","article-title":"Effect of group vs individual cognitive processing therapy in active\u2010duty military seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Resick P. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.2.290","article-title":"The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder: A taxometric investigation of reactions to extreme stress","volume":"111","author":"Ruscio A. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030","article-title":"Adaptation and initial validation of the patient health questionnaire\u20139 (PHQ\u20109) and the generalized anxiety disorder\u20137 questionnaire (GAD\u20107) in an Arabic speaking Lebanese psychiatric outpatient sample","volume":"239","author":"Sawaya H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.8.820","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"297","author":"Schnurr P. P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2014.980753","article-title":"Emotion regulation and posttraumatic stress symptoms: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"44","author":"Seligowski A. V.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.03.002","article-title":"Emotion regulation, physiological arousal and PTSD symptoms in trauma\u2010exposed individuals","volume":"45","author":"Shepherd L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20438","article-title":"The contemporary refugee crisis: An overview of mental health challenges","volume":"16","author":"Silove D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD\u20107","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer R. L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2059799117741406","article-title":"A systematic approach for accurate translation of instruments: Experience with translating the Connor\u2013Davidson resilience scale into Arabic","volume":"10","author":"Toma G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methodological Innovations"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.10.001","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress symptoms","volume":"38","author":"Tull M. T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2025).Operational data portal: Syria regional refugee response.https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/situations\/syria"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20047","article-title":"Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma","volume":"18","author":"Van der Kolk B. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","volume-title":"The PTSD Checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105)","author":"Weathers F. W.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.009","article-title":"Neuroimaging cognitive reappraisal in clinical populations to define neural targets for enhancing emotion regulation. A systematic review","volume":"151","author":"Zilverstand A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support","volume":"52","author":"Zimet G. D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjc.70094","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjc.70094","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjc.70094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:34:49Z","timestamp":1787718889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjc.70094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjc.70094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.70094","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-6657","2044-8260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-6657","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"bjc.70094"}}