{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:39:17Z","timestamp":1791830357845,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013374","name":"NIHR School for Primary Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T04:13:03Z","timestamp":1617768783000},"page":"512-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Topical preparations for the treatment of mild\u2010to\u2010moderate acne vulgaris: systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis*"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5432-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Maund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3811-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Sridharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics College of Medicine &amp; Medical Sciences Arabian Gulf University Manama Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sivaramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Training Ministry of Health Manama Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8666-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Regas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Newell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Soulsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.F.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2143-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.Y.","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.C.","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CEB) University Hospital Basel and University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0473-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.M.","family":"Layton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School York University Heslington York UK"},{"name":"Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust Harrogate UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7264-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Santer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60321-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Acne vulgaris \u2013 NICE CKS. Available athttps:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/acne\u2010vulgaris#!scenarioRecommendation(last accessed 2 June 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"NHS Business Services Authority.Prescription cost analysis (PCA) data. Available at:https:\/\/www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk\/prescription\u2010data\/dispensing\u2010data\/prescription\u2010cost\u2010analysis\u2010pca\u2010data(last accessed 2 June 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00527-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.1297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"CD011154","article-title":"Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne","volume":"3","author":"Yang Z","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"CD011368","article-title":"Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha\u2010hydroxy acid) for acne","volume":"5","author":"Liu H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxp032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"Guerra\u2010TapiaA.Effects of benzoyl peroxide 5% clindamycin combination gel versus adapalene 0.1% on quality of life in patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized single\u2010blind study. Available athttps:\/\/jddonline.com\/articles\/dermatology\/S1545961612P0714X(last accessed 13 July 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Study of the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 2 fixed\u2010dose combination gels in the management of acne vulgaris","volume":"84","author":"Zouboulis CC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"Preadolescent moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of topical adapalene\u2010benzoyl peroxides","volume":"12","author":"Eichenfield LF","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/120347540100500109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2011.581257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1992.tb00100.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Results of a randomised, multicentre study comparing a new water\u2010based gel of clindamycin 1% versus clindamycin 1% topical solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"15","author":"Alireza\u00ef M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.3% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, multicenter, investigator\u2010blinded, controlled comparison study versus adapalene gel 0.1% and vehicle","volume":"76","author":"Pariser DM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.1%\u2010benzoyl peroxide 2.5% combination gel in treatment of acne vulgaris in Indian patients: a randomized investigator\u2010blind controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Jawade SA","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1978.tb06072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"A North American study of adapalene\u2010benzoyl peroxide combination gel in the treatment of acne","volume":"84","author":"Gold LS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of clindamycin\u2010tretinoin gel versus clindamycin or tretinoin alone in acne vulgaris: a randomized, double\u2010blind, vehicle\u2010controlled study","volume":"11","author":"Jarratt MT","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"1382","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\u2010benzoyl peroxide 3% fixed\u2010dose combination gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double\u2010blind, active\u2010 and vehicle\u2010controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Eichenfielda LF","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.10.085","article-title":"Improved efficacy and tolerability of retinoic acid in acne vulgaris","volume":"50","author":"Anadolu RY","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13541"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13622"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630152607880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0926-9959.2001.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"A combination benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin topical gel compared with benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin phosphate, and vehicle in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"67","author":"Tschen EH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","first-page":"1033","article-title":"The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adapalene versus benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of mild acne vulgaris; a randomized trial","volume":"12","author":"Babaeinejad SH","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Randomised, controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin cream 0.05% in patients with acne vulgaris","volume":"12","author":"Cunliffe WJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1720579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2019.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"A comparison of efficacy and safety of topical 0.1% adapalene and 4% benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris","volume":"19","author":"Iftikhar U","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Derma"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","first-page":"1083","article-title":"An aqueous gel fixed combination of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and benzoyl peroxide 3.75% for the once\u2010daily treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris","volume":"13","author":"Pariser DM","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Topical clindamycin hydrochloride 1% in acne vulgaris","volume":"56","author":"Khanna VN","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of adapalene cream 0.1% compared with its cream vehicle for the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"68","author":"Lucky A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12580"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","first-page":"152","article-title":"A double\u2010blinded, randomized, vehicle\u2010controlled, multicenter, parallel\u2010group study to assess the safety and efficacy of tretinoin gel microsphere 0.04% in the treatment of acne vulgaris in adults","volume":"80","author":"Berger R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15081"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjd.20080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjd.20080","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjd.20080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T09:01:50Z","timestamp":1676365310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article\/185\/3\/512\/6599205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjd.20080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.20080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.739903662.793585605","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.739903662.793586105","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0007-0963","1365-2133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0963","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}