{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:31:57Z","timestamp":1775626317950,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925\"","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1046681, GNT1120682]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1046681, GNT1120682]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925\"","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1046681, GNT1120682]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1046681, GNT1120682]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D may play a role in prevention of keratinocyte cancer (KC), but observational studies examining the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration and KC are largely uninformative because sun exposure causes both KC and vitamin D production. There is scant evidence from clinical trials of supplementary vitamin D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of developing KC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the D-Health Trial, a randomized placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation (60 000 international units monthly for 5 years) among Australians aged \u226560 years. KC outcomes were captured through linkage to a national administrative dataset for those who consented (N = 20 334; 95%). We used negative binomial regression to analyse the incidence of KC excisions and the incidence of actinic lesions treated using cryotherapy or serial curettage, and flexible parametric survival models for analysis of time to first KC excision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomization to vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of KC lesions treated by excision [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1\u00b704; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0\u00b798\u20131\u00b711], the incidence of actinic lesions treated using other methods (IRR 1\u00b701; 95% CI 0\u00b795\u20131\u00b708) or time to first histologically confirmed KC excision (hazard ratio 1\u00b702; 95% CI 0\u00b797\u20131\u00b708). However, in subgroup analysis vitamin D increased the incidence of KC excisions in adults aged \u2265 70 years (IRR 1\u00b713, 95% CI 1\u00b704\u20131\u00b723; P-value for interaction = 0\u00b701).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of KC or other actinic lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>What is already known about this topic? \u00a0Laboratory studies have suggested possible protective effects of vitamin D on skin cancer.Observational studies investigating the association between vitamin D and risk of keratinocyte cancer are largely uninformative as ultraviolet radiation both causes skin cancer and is the primary source of vitamin D.The evidence from randomized controlled trials of vitamin D is limited and inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>What does this study add? \u00a0This population-based, randomized controlled trial suggests that supplementing older adults with a high monthly dose of vitamin D for 5 years does not affect the incidence of keratinocyte cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T12:01:55Z","timestamp":1657022515000},"page":"667-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of keratinocyte cancer: an exploratory analysis of the D-Health randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7522-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sitwat","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health the University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health the University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Waterhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Briony Duarte","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald S.A.","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce K.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dallas R.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Hartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolieke C.","family":"van der Pols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Venn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penelope M.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health the University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Whiteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health the University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10830.x","article-title":"A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer","volume":"166","author":"Lomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12738","article-title":"Multiplicity of skin cancers in Queensland and their cost burden to government and patients","volume":"42","author":"Gordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00086.x","article-title":"Non-melanoma skin cancer in Australia: the 2002 national survey and trends since 1985","volume":"184","author":"Staples","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212203","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp3212203","article-title":"Keratinocyte cancer incidence in Australia: a review of population-based incidence trends and estimates of lifetime risk","volume":"32","author":"Olsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Res Pract"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0005","volume-title":"Health system expenditure on cancer and other neoplasms in Australia, 2015\u201316","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0006","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A practical guide to skin cancer","author":"Noell","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.016","article-title":"Vitamin D physiology","volume":"92","author":"Lips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.02.002","article-title":"Vitamin D: metabolism","volume":"39","author":"Christakos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13652","article-title":"Vitamin D assays and the definition of hypovitaminosis D: results from the First International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D","volume":"84","author":"Sempos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.12.016","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications","volume":"21","author":"Bikle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Biol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2015_1104","article-title":"Vitamin D in the skin physiology and pathology","volume":"63","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.06.024","article-title":"Vitamin D and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer risk and prognosis: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Caini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70078-y","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and skin cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"10","author":"Mahamat-Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194815","article-title":"Vitamin D and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on behalf of the Italian melanoma intergroup","volume":"13","author":"Caini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20368-w","article-title":"A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization","volume":"12","author":"Ong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.5967","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer: post hoc analyses of the women's health initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa267","article-title":"Risk of keratinocyte carcinomas with vitamin D and calcium supplementation: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"112","author":"Passarelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2016.04.005","article-title":"The D-Health Trial: a randomized trial of vitamin D for prevention of mortality and cancer","volume":"48","author":"Neale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P120","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00345-4","article-title":"The D-Health Trial: a randomised controlled trial of the effect of vitamin D on mortality","volume":"10","author":"Neale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0020","volume-title":"Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC)","author":"NASA"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106347","article-title":"Predicting deseasonalised serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in the D-Health Trial: an analysis using boosted regression trees","volume":"104","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13056","article-title":"Keratinocyte cancer excisions in Australia: Who performs them and associated costs","volume":"60","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023010808122183200_bjd21742-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00284","article-title":"The incidence and multiplicity rates of keratinocyte cancers in Australia","volume":"207","author":"Pandeya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med J Aust"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjd.21742","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjd.21742","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/187\/5\/667\/48529630\/bjd0667.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/187\/5\/667\/48529630\/bjd0667.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T09:13:51Z","timestamp":1676366031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article\/187\/5\/667\/6966404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.21742","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742223840.793594233","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1365-2133","0007-0963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2133","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0007-0963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}