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We examine between\u2010 and within\u2010person predictors of one important academic metric \u2013 mathematics performance \u2013 across adolescence in 1715 (796 male, 919 female) youth living in poverty in Ireland, using data from three waves (9, 13, and 17\/18\u2009years) of the Growing Up in Ireland study. Using linear mixed models, math performance was worse when adolescents had more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties, more child\u2013parent relationship conflict, parents had lower expectations of the adolescent's educational achievement, and when primary caregivers had less education. Adolescents who had better intellectual self\u2010concept and attended a non\u2010disadvantaged school had greater math performance. 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