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We examined the relation between memory for pairs of familiar and novel objects and early vocabulary development. We tested 52 14\u2010 to 24\u2010month\u2010olds (26 girls) in a preferential\u2010looking object recognition task. Analysis of data from 44 toddlers suggested memory performance was based on whether the stimuli were from categories known to children in this age range and a vocabulary percentile score based on age and gender, rather than just age or total productive vocabulary. We found some evidence that toddlers with higher vocabulary percentile scores remembered familiar but not novel object pairs. We discuss possible reasons for differences in memory for familiar and novel objects, limitations of our task and how our findings fit with proposals on the relations between memory, visual processing and variability in vocabulary development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/bjdp70070-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:23:55Z","timestamp":1790857435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relating object memory to word learning: Data from a new test of toddlers' object recognition"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3881-6978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Bakopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of East Anglia  Norwich England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of East Anglia  Norwich England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9141-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa K.","family":"Samuelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of East Anglia  Norwich England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Exploration of multiple memory processes in children's mapping and generalising of novel nouns. 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