{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:00:33Z","timestamp":1790413233829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J of Dev Psycho"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Empathy supports early peer relationships, yet whether preschoolers use unfamiliar peers' observable empathy\u2010related responses when making initial peer choices remains unclear. Guided by a functionalist perspective, the present research examined whether preschoolers' peer preferences are shaped by outward behavioural cues associated with empathy\u2010related responding to others' emotional states. Across three primary (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200964 each) and two follow\u2010up experiments (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200960 each), children watched puppet vignettes where peer characters displayed different empathy\u2010related responses to another's emotional event. In Study 1, children chose a character who expressed concern and offered comfort after injury over a nonresponsive one. In Studies 2a and 2b, children preferred a distress\u2010responsive character over joy\u2010sharing and nonresponsive characters; this pattern held after removing the touch\u2010based comforting cue. In Studies 3a and 3b, children chose an inquiry\u2010based responder over either a distress\u2010matching responder or a nonresponsive character; this pattern remained when the distress\u2010matching display was less emotionally intense. Exploratory covariate checks revealed no statistically detectable associations with age, gender or individual empathy measures, though statistical precision was limited. Together, findings suggest that preschoolers use observable empathy\u2010related response profiles when making initial peer choices, distinguishing both emotional context and response form within constrained forced\u2010choice tasks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1790412929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preschoolers' peer preferences for observable empathy\u2010related responses to others' emotions"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education Science Hunan Normal University  Changsha People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education Science Hunan Normal University  Changsha People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education Science Hunan Normal University  Changsha People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education Science Hunan Normal University  Changsha People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6618-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Hunan Normal University  Changsha People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University  Changsha People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2025.2562511"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"The altruism question: Toward a social\u2010psychological answer","author":"Batson C. 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