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Although nature\u2010related factors have been associated with prosocial behaviour, evidence from childhood remains more limited and it is unclear whether these associations vary across patterns of nature interaction. This study examined cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal associations among nature contact, exposure, connection and prosocial behaviour in primary school children. Study 1 used latent profile and network analyses with 579 children (280 girls,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200910.43,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.59). Profile\u2010specific associations emerged: in the lower overall nature\u2010interaction profile, prosocial behaviour was most strongly linked to nature connection, whereas it was most closely associated with nature contact in the higher overall nature\u2010interaction profile. Study 2 employed cross\u2010lagged panel network and mediation analyses with 450 children (219 girls,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200910.53,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.74 at T1). Nature exposure predicted subsequent prosocial behaviour in the lower profile, whereas in the higher profile, nature contact was indirectly associated with subsequent prosocial behaviour through nature connection assessed at the same wave. These findings suggest that the associations between nature\u2010related dimensions and prosocial behaviour may vary across children's broader patterns of nature interaction, supporting the value of a person\u2010centred perspective in understanding their relevance to social development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:13:39Z","timestamp":1790835219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nature contact, exposure, connection and prosocial behaviour in Chinese primary school children: A latent profile and cross\u2010lagged panel analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5287-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-4420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"The power of nature: Developing prosocial behavior toward nature and peers through nature\u2010based activities","volume":"70","author":"Acar I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Young Children"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.70040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2023.102109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17524032.2014.993415"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2022.101913"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00492"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2025.102632"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15020153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010clinpsy\u2010050212\u2010185608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586\u2010021\u201000055\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916511402062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2021.101639"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201056968\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"High\u2010quality outdoor learning","author":"Chawla L.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916510385082","article-title":"Connection to nature: Children's affective attitude toward nature","volume":"44","author":"Cheng J. 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