{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T20:00:28Z","timestamp":1765742428687,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J of Edu Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep difficulties are common among university students and may detrimentally affect academic outcomes. Despite this, remarkably little information is currently available during this critical developmental period of early adulthood, and thus, the direct effect on measurable domains of academic ability and proficiency is equivocal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the associations between difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and subjective and objective academic performance in a large sample of university students.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 12,915 students who participated in large student survey in Norway from 24 February 2014 to 27 March 2014.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was assessed by the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u201025), and academic outcomes included failed examinations, delayed study progress, and school\u2010related self\u2010efficacy (General Self\u2010Efficacy Scale).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep was independently associated with increased odds for poor school performance for all academic outcomes. Reporting \u2018extreme\u2019\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was associated with increased odds of reporting delayed study progress (adjusted odds ratio [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ]\u00a0=\u00a01.25, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.01\u20131.57,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), increased odds for having failed several examinations (adjusted\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.91, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.56\u20132.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and being in the lowest self\u2010efficacy quartile (adjusted\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04.94, 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 4.04\u20136.03,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010reported sleep difficulties are associated with poorer objective markers of academic outcomes as well as poorer self\u2010rated academic proficiency among higher education students. Amelioration of sleep difficulties may improve overall academic performance and health outcomes in affected students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:26:56Z","timestamp":1504225616000},"page":"722-737","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sleep difficulties and academic performance in Norwegian higher education students"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amie C.","family":"Hayley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00f8rge","family":"Sivertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare Uni Research Health Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Research &amp; Innovation Helse Fonna HF Haugesund Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Hysing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare Uni Research Health Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Vedaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science Faculty of Psychology University of Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"\u00d8verland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science Faculty of Psychology University of Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.54.4.231-237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00049539208260158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-009-0282-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00050069008260010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.56.5.563-565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764006061252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12373"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Sleep and school attendance in adolescence: Results from a large population\u2010based study","volume":"43","author":"Hysing M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2015.1048448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.146514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03033910.2007.10446255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"589","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep disturbances among young adults in three European countries","volume":"18","author":"Janson C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Self\u2010efficacy: Thought control of action","author":"Jerusalem M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2629"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"The relationship between sleep length and grade point average among college students","volume":"35","author":"Kelly W. 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