{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:22:38Z","timestamp":1791386558370,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brit J of Edu Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with dyslexia often show second\u2010language reading and writing difficulties, but the cognitive mechanisms connected to this impairment need to be clarified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study examined the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying learning English as a foreign language in 4th\u2010 to the 8th\u2010grade Italian students showing reading difficulties (RD) or typical development (TD). For this purpose, screening involving 901 students was carried out to select children with RD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety students with RD were compared with 90 typically developing (TD) children matched for non\u2010verbal IQ, grade, and gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The two groups were compared on different measures to understand the relationships between reading skills in their mother tongue and in English as a second\u2010language (L2). Subsequently, their phonological and memory skills were investigated to understand the potential role of these variables in learning L2 English.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Students with RD obtained worse results than TD students for phonological awareness and working memory, which are both crucial to L2 learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that memory mainly influences accuracy in English writing and, together with phonological skills, plays an important role in reading accuracy. Socio\u2010economic status also plays an important role in L2 learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T10:09:57Z","timestamp":1587118197000},"page":"63-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Second\u2010language learning difficulties in Italian children with reading difficulties"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Fazio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano Bicocca Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano Bicocca Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano Bicocca Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Tamburrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano Bicocca Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano Bicocca Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Biancardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano Bicocca Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Palladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3497-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Marco","family":"Marzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano Bicocca Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Working memory","author":"Baddeley A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.105.1.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"BVN 5\u201311 \u2013 Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'et\u00e0 evolutiva [Battery for neuropsychological assessment in children]","author":"Bisiacchi P. 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