{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:18:20Z","timestamp":1773393500774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/N007921\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/N007921\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brit J of Edu Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In children, internalizing and externalizing problems impact on learning. However, there is limited research on the specific impact of such problems on spatial working memory (SWM), strongly related to cognitive ability and children\u2019s learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored distinct trajectories of internalizing problems and externalizing problems (conduct problems and hyperactivity\/inattention) in a large general\u2010population sample of children followed from age 3 to age 11\u00a0years. We then assessed their role in SWM performance at age 11\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were drawn from the UK\u2019s Millennium Cohort Study. Our analytic sample was children with data on SWM at age 11\u00a0years (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012,589).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were two stages of data analysis. Trajectory group membership was firstly estimated by group\u2010based trajectory modelling for internalizing problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity\/inattention at ages 3\u201311\u00a0years. Multiple regression then assessed the relationship between SWM at age 11\u00a0years and trajectory group membership after accounting for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trajectories of internalizing, conduct, and hyperactivity\/inattention symptoms across ages 3 to 11\u00a0years were related to SWM at age 11\u00a0years, even after controlling for confounding variables. For each of the three symptom domains, poor SWM was most consistently found in children with chronically high levels of symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, atypical patterns of internalizing problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity\/inattention in childhood were related to poorer SWM in early adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T15:56:25Z","timestamp":1607529385000},"page":"827-849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatial working memory in young adolescents with different childhood trajectories of internalizing, conduct and hyperactivity\/inattention problems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0754-6589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development UCL Institute of Education University College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6207-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Flouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development UCL Institute of Education University College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Millennium cohort study interpreting the Cantab cognitive measures","author":"Atkinson M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315111261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Exploring working memory: Selected works of Alan Baddeley","author":"Baddeley A. D.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0903-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.v14i1.1472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01811.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2012.01821.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13546800444000128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"CLS|Millennium Cohort Study. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 May 2020 fromhttps:\/\/CLS.ucl.ac.uk\/CLS.\u2010studies\/millennium\u2010cohort\u2010study\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"British Ability Scales Second Edition (BAS II). Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Elliott C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1155-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124100029002001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1266643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-018-0971-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"Millennium Cohort Study, a guide to the datasets (eighth edition) first, second, third, fourth and fifth surveys","author":"Hansen K.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124113503141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"User guide to analysing MCS data using STATA","author":"Ketende S. C.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood to adolescence and young adult outcome","volume":"2","author":"Korhonen M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-6734-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"Visuo\u2010Spatial Working Memory (Nachdr.)","author":"Logie R. H.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-3-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417000402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000153228.72591.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-04-01568.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.3.1325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tps0000176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-0935-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","first-page":"266","article-title":"Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): A factor analytic study of a large sample of normal elderly volunteers","volume":"5","author":"Robbins T. W.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0400400301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0449-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9684-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253891003642394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08528.1997"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Educational Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjep.12395","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjep.12395","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjep.12395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T11:51:52Z","timestamp":1761738712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjep.12395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjep.12395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjep.12395","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0998","2044-8279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}