{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:49:52Z","timestamp":1789775392755,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brit J of Edu Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Successful inclusion in education depends heavily on the\u00a0attitudes of teachers, and stereotypes play a significant role in shaping these attitudes. However, social desirability bias may limit direct measures of stereotypes. Combining direct and indirect measures offers better insights. But studies on SEN\u2010specific stereotypes combining these measures are rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate and compare pre\u2010service teachers' explicit and implicit stereotypes towards autistic pupils, pupils with Down syndrome, and pupils with dyslexia using direct and indirect measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our sample consisted of\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200976 German pre\u2010service teachers with an average age of 22.75\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.32), of which 61% identified as female.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed explicit stereotypes via a questionnaire and implicit stereotypes using lexical decision tasks. To compare explicit and implicit stereotypes, we computed Kendall's tau correlation coefficients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants rated stereotypical adjectives significantly above the neutral midpoint for all three groups. They responded significantly faster to stereotypical than to non\u2010stereotypical words in the lexical decision tasks, with large effect sizes for explicit ratings and medium effect sizes for implicit measures. Explicit and implicit stereotypes did not correlate significantly with one another.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that pre\u2010service teachers clearly endorsed explicit stereotypes and showed implicit associations in line with these stereotypes, especially towards autistic pupils and those with Down syndrome, while patterns for dyslexia were less pronounced. These results underline how common such stereotypes are in educational contexts and suggest that interventions should address both explicit and implicit bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T05:50:57Z","timestamp":1759902657000},"page":"612-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre\u2010service teachers' explicit and implicit stereotypes towards pupils with different special educational needs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7822-4368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte S.","family":"Schell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"IDeA Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kleen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"IDeA Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Dignath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDeA Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"IDeA Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Kunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"IDeA Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The nature of prejudice","author":"Allport G. W.","year":"1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08856250210129056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2024.102990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.744709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1618\u20103169\/a000123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2021.2017253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43076\u2010022\u201000240\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.6.P540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098300716667604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.92.4.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102788.2006.00922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412976237.n2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Special educational needs","author":"Delaney M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2020.101437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.56.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010022\u201009695\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"The psychology of attitudes","author":"Eagly A. H.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"European Dyslexia Association. (2020).What is dyslexia \u2013 European Dyslexia Association.https:\/\/eda\u2010info.eu\/what\u2010is\u2010dyslexia\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences","author":"Fazio R. H.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.82.6.878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13274-019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2015.1022999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010020\u201004556\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912032000053340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-27275-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160\u20102896(97)90011\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295x.102.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedro.2022.100175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0156655910380106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling\u20102024\u20100143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194221087383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","unstructured":"Heister J. &Kliegl R.(2012).Comparing word frequencies from different German text corpora. Lexical resources in psycholinguistic research3 27\u201344."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167205275613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effects of labeling and social desirability on perceived success of a learning disabled student","volume":"1","author":"Hunt F. G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Undergraduate Psychological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"Jussim L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18401\/2015.5.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218\u2010025\u201010046\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2018.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-045352-1.00014-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000709906X156881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2020.101513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2017.1334432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2017.1348548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010023\u201006197\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-375000-6.00388-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511489877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","unstructured":"National Autistic Society. (n.d.).What is autism.https:\/\/www.autism.org.uk\/advice\u2010and\u2010guidance\/what\u2010is\u2010autism"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91280-6_102247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"The SAGE handbook of special education","author":"Norwich B.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Social psychology and the unconscious: The automaticity of higher mental processes","author":"Nosek B. A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30845\/ijhss.v11n6p1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.34.1.267311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830080302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02322211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229\u2010021\u201003276\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2024.104526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.70.6.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420010202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010013\u20101906\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","unstructured":"United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. (2006).https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hrbodies\/crpd\/pages\/conventionrightspersonswithdisabilities.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.72.2.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231220210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023).Births with Down's syndrome per 100 000 live births. WHO European Health Information Gateway.https:\/\/gateway.euro.who.int\/en\/indicators\/hfa_603\u20107120\u2010births\u2010with\u2010downs\u2010syndrome\u2010per\u2010100\u2010000\u2010live\u2010births\/visualizations\/#id=19698&tab=table"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02188791.2014.934781"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Educational Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjep.70041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjep.70041","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjep.70041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T08:40:37Z","timestamp":1788338437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjep.70041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjep.70041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjep.70041","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0998","2044-8279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}