{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:03:05Z","timestamp":1784700185925,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brit J of Edu Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exams are a common source of emotions in adolescence, requiring regulation for performance and well\u2010being. Psychological flexibility (PF), the ability to stay open to difficult thoughts and feelings while pursuing meaningful goals, and psychological inflexibility (PI), involving avoidance and self\u2010criticism, represent adaptive and maladaptive regulation styles that remain understudied in adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined whether PF\/PI is associated with adolescents' emotional trajectories during a semi\u2010high\u2010stakes mathematics examination and whether they differ by gender or mathematics performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 694 Finnish Year 8\u20139 students (48.7% girls).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before the examination, students completed the Children's Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (CPFQ) and reported their happiness, relaxation, frustration and boredom across seven phases of the examination. Linear mixed\u2010effects models estimated emotional trajectories and their associations with PF factors (Committed Action and Awareness; Acceptance and Defusion; Fusion and Self\u2010Judgement), gender and mathematical performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Happiness and relaxation declined during the examination and recovered afterward, whereas frustration and boredom increased. Committed Action and Awareness was associated with greater happiness and phase\u2010specific variations in frustration, while Acceptance and Defusion were associated with higher relaxation and a stronger late\u2010exam rebound. Greater PI (i.e. lower Fusion and Self\u2010Judgement) was linked with lower positive and higher negative emotions. Higher mathematical performance was associated with greater happiness and relaxation, and with lower boredom. A gender interaction showed that boys with high PI reported greater boredom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strengthening PF skills, particularly acceptance, defusion and value\u2010driven action, may help adolescents manage examination stress, sustain engagement and reduce boredom in academic settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:20:37Z","timestamp":1784697637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological flexibility and emotional trajectories during a semi\u2010high\u2010stakes mathematics exam: Integrating acceptance and commitment therapy with control\u2010value theory"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6556-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Zarra\u2010Nezhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Research Institute of Learning Analytics, Faculty of Science University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Research Institute of Learning Analytics, Faculty of Science University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Research Institute of Learning Analytics, Faculty of Science University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Epilepsia Helsinki, Department of Pediatric Neurology HUS Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko\u2010Jussi","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Research Institute of Learning Analytics, Faculty of Science University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Alanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Research Institute of Learning Analytics, Faculty of Science University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2021.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11858\u2010022\u201001425\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sel.2024.100028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.115.3.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.101973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1166139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u20109010.78.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15020197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK. 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