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Severe disturbances within the microcirculation result from the adhesion of infected erythrocytes to host receptors on monocytes, platelets, and endothelium. In this prospective study, we compared expression of all major host cytoadhesion receptors among Ugandan children presenting with uncomplicated malaria (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01078) versus children with severe malaria (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0855), including cerebral malaria (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0174), severe anaemia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0522), and lactic acidosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0154). We report a significant survival advantage attributed to blood group<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>and increased monocyte expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>36 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>54). The high case fatality rate syndromes of cerebral malaria and lactic acidosis were associated with high platelet<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>36 expression and thrombocytopenia, and severe malaria anaemia was characterized by low<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>1 expression. In a logistic regression model of disease severity, odds ratios for the mitigating effects of blood group<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>36, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>1 phenotypes were greater than that of sickle haemoglobin. Host genetic adaptations to<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>lasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>suggest new potential malaria treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T12:07:20Z","timestamp":1345637240000},"page":"223-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cytoadherence in paediatric malaria:<scp>ABO<\/scp>blood group,<scp>CD<\/scp>36, and<scp>ICAM<\/scp>1 expression and severe<i><scp>P<\/scp>lasmodium falciparum<\/i>infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Cserti\u2010Gazdewich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network\/University of Toronto Toronto ON 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