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The use of antioxidants<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>reduces the generation of pro\u2010oxidants. To evaluate the impact of vitamins<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>) supplementation in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCA<\/jats:styled-content>patients, patients over 18\u00a0years were randomly assigned to receive<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1400\u00a0mg\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>800\u00a0mg per day or placebo orally for 180\u00a0d. Eighty\u2010three patients were enrolled (44 vitamins, 39 placebo), median age 27 (18\u201368) years, 64% female. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding clinical complications or baseline laboratorial tests. Sixty percent of the patients were<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>deficient, 70% were<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>deficient. Supplementation significantly increased serum<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>. However, no significant changes in haemoglobin levels were observed, and, unexpectedly, there was a significant increase in haemolytic markers with vitamin supplementation. In conclusion,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>it<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>supplementation did not improve anaemia and, surprisingly, increased markers of haemolysis in patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCA<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\u2010thalassaemia. The exact mechanisms to explain this findings and their clinical significance remain to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,29]],"date-time":"2012-12-29T23:26:48Z","timestamp":1356823608000},"page":"688-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Antioxidant vitamins<scp>C<\/scp>and<scp>E<\/scp>supplementation increases markers of haemolysis in sickle cell anaemia patients: a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Martha M.","family":"Arruda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Blood Transfusion Department Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, UNIFESP S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazielle","family":"Mecabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Blood 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