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Other <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>andida<\/jats:italic> non\u2010<jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic> are increasingly being reported and newly emerging, as well as cryptic, filamentous fungi often cause disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. Management of invasive fungal infections is becoming a challenge as emerging fungal pathogens generally show poor response to many antifungals. The ability of reference antifungal susceptibility testing methods to detect emerging resistance patterns, together with the molecular characterization of antifungal resistance mechanisms, are providing useful information to optimize the effectiveness of antifungal therapy. 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