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First, the \u2018anaplastic large cell lymphoma, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content> positive\u2019 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALCL<\/jats:styled-content>) that is characterized by the presence of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> gene rearrangements and consequent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content> protein expression, and, second, the \u2018anaplastic large cell lymphoma, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content> negative\u2019 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALCL<\/jats:styled-content>) that is a provisional entity lacking <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content> protein expression but cannot be distinguished morphologically from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALCL<\/jats:styled-content>. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the genetic lesions and biological features that underlie the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALK<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALCL<\/jats:styled-content> and that can lead to the use of targeted anti\u2010cancer agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]],"date-time":"2015-01-06T05:56:17Z","timestamp":1420523777000},"page":"771-783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Boi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology NYU Cancer Center New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Zucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Inghirami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology NYU Cancer Center New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science Centre for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS) University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland"},{"name":"Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program IOR Institute of Oncology Research Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-3034-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.8972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199004000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2007.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-497933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203963200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.1764"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-09-115030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2291"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64945-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.085068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","article-title":"Convergent mutations and new kinase fusions lead to oncogenic STAT3 activation in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma","volume":"124","author":"Crescenzo R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000088856.49388.EA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"230","volume-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. 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