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We herein developed a novel therapeutic vaccine designed to augment an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTLV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I Tax\u2010specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTL<\/jats:styled-content>) response that has been implicated in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATL<\/jats:styled-content> effects, and conducted a pilot study to investigate its safety and efficacy. Three previously treated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATL<\/jats:styled-content> patients, classified as intermediate\u2010 to high\u2010risk, were subcutaneously administered with the vaccine, consisting of autologous dendritic cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s) pulsed with Tax peptides corresponding to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTL<\/jats:styled-content> epitopes. In all patients, the performance status improved after vaccination without severe adverse events, and Tax\u2010specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTL<\/jats:styled-content> responses were observed with peaks at 16\u201320\u00a0weeks. Two patients achieved partial remission in the first 8\u00a0weeks, one of whom later achieved complete remission, maintaining their remission status without any additional chemotherapy 24 and 19\u00a0months after vaccination, respectively. The third patient, whose tumour cells lacked the ability to express Tax at biopsy, obtained stable disease in the first 8\u00a0weeks and later developed slowly progressive disease although additional therapy was not required for 14\u00a0months. The clinical outcomes of this pilot study indicate that the Tax peptide\u2010pulsed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine is a safe and promising immunotherapy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T17:23:42Z","timestamp":1421947422000},"page":"356-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Clinical outcomes of a novel therapeutic vaccine with Tax peptide\u2010pulsed dendritic cells for adult T cell leukaemia\/lymphoma in a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Youko","family":"Suehiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology National Kyushu Cancer Centre Fukuoka 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