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While generally a benign condition with a normal life expectancy, it is becoming increasingly clear that the sickle trait is associated with certain adverse outcomes. This article will focus on three of these outcomes, namely exertional rhabdomyolysis and sudden death, chronic renal dysfunction, and venous thromboembolism. In each case, the epidemiological evidence for the association is reviewed, together with the existing data on potential underlying mechanisms. Because newborn screening programmes for sickle cell anaemia also identify those with sickle cell trait, it is imperative that further studies determine what, if any, preventive measures can be taken to reduce the burden of these uncommon but potentially morbid complications in affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,7]],"date-time":"2015-03-07T07:48:53Z","timestamp":1425714533000},"page":"5-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Negative health implications of sickle cell trait in high income countries: from the football field to the laboratory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Nigel S.","family":"Key","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 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