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Recent evidence suggests that the great majority of such cases represent a neutrophilic leukaemoid reaction to the underlying multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We have analysed all accessible reported cases to clarify the likely diagnosis and to ascertain whether toxic granulation, D\u00f6hle bodies and an increased neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score were useful in making a distinction between chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and a neutrophilic leukaemoid reaction. We established that all these changes occur in both conditions. Toxic granulation and D\u00f6hle bodies are more consistently present in leukaemoid reactions but also occur quite frequently in chronic neutrophilic leukaemia. The neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score is increased in both conditions and is of no value in making a distinction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T06:01:34Z","timestamp":1437976894000},"page":"400-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and plasma cell\u2010related neutrophilic leukaemoid reactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Bain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Centre for Haematology St Mary's Hospital campus of Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahzaib","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and 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