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Non\u2010transfusion\u2010dependent \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia is the paradigmatic example of these conditions that include dyserythropoietic and sideroblastic anaemias and some forms of myelodysplasia. Interrupting the vicious cycle between ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload may be of therapeutic benefit in all these diseases. Induction of iron restriction by means of transferrin infusions, minihepcidins or manipulation of the hepcidin pathway prevents iron overload, redistributes iron from parenchymal cells to macrophage stores and partially controls anaemia in \u03b2\u2010thalassaemic mice. Inhibition of ineffective erythropoiesis by activin ligand traps improves anaemia and iron overload in the same models. Targeting iron loading or\u00a0ineffective erythropoiesis shows promise in preclinical studies; activin ligand traps are in clinical trials with promising results and may be useful in patients with ineffective erythropoiesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T13:37:42Z","timestamp":1445607462000},"page":"512-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Ineffective erythropoiesis and regulation of iron status in iron loading anaemias"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Camaschella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Cell Biology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita Salute University Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Nai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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