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We investigated the prognostic significance of the tumour microenvironment on transformation and survival in FL<\/jats:styled-content> patients treated in the rituximab era. We examined diagnostic and transformed biopsies from 52 FL<\/jats:styled-content> patients using antibodies against CD<\/jats:styled-content>3, CD<\/jats:styled-content>4, CD<\/jats:styled-content>8, CD<\/jats:styled-content>21 (CR<\/jats:styled-content>2), CD<\/jats:styled-content>57 (B3GAT<\/jats:styled-content>1), CD<\/jats:styled-content>68, FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3, TIA<\/jats:styled-content>1, PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 (PDCD<\/jats:styled-content>1), PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 (CD<\/jats:styled-content>274) and PAX<\/jats:styled-content>5. Results were compared with a second cohort of 40 FL<\/jats:styled-content> patients without signs of transformation during a minimum of five years observation time. Cell numbers and localization were semi\u2010quantitatively assessed. Better developed CD<\/jats:styled-content>21+\u00a0 follicular dendritic cell (FDC<\/jats:styled-content>) meshworks at diagnosis was a negative prognostic factor for overall survival (OS<\/jats:styled-content>), progression\u2010free survival (PFS<\/jats:styled-content>) and time to transformation (TTT<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with subsequently transformed FL<\/jats:styled-content>. Remnants of FDC<\/jats:styled-content> meshworks at transformation were associated with shorter OS<\/jats:styled-content> and PFS<\/jats:styled-content> from transformation. High degrees of intrafollicular CD<\/jats:styled-content>68+ and PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1+\u00a0 macrophage infiltration, high total area scores and an extrafollicular\/diffuse pattern of FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3+\u00a0 T cells and high intrafollicular scores of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+\u00a0 T cells at diagnosis were associated with shorter TTT<\/jats:styled-content>. Scores of several T\u2010cell subset markers from the combined patient cohorts were predictive for transformation, especially CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 and CD<\/jats:styled-content>57.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,26]],"date-time":"2016-06-26T02:16:32Z","timestamp":1466907392000},"page":"102-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["The tumour microenvironment influences survival and time to transformation in follicular lymphoma in the rituximab era"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Yngvild Nuvin","family":"Blaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital Oslo 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