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To determine the role of <jats:italic>APOL1<\/jats:italic> variants in SCD patients living in Europe, we genotyped 152 SCD patients [aged 30\u00b74 (24\u00b73\u201336\u00b74)\u00a0years], mainly of Sub\u2010Saharan African ancestry, for <jats:italic>APOL1<\/jats:italic> G1 and G2 and for variants of four genes with kidney tropism (<jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> GSTT1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> GSTP1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>HMOX1<\/jats:italic>). Homozygous or double\u2010heterozygous <jats:italic>APOL<\/jats:italic> G1 and G2 genotypes were strongly associated with end stage renal disease (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7003) and worse Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stages (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001). Further, these genotypes were associated in an age\u2010dependent manner with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7008), proteinuria (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7009) and albuminuria (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001) but not with other SCD complications. Compared to <jats:italic>APOL1<\/jats:italic> G1\/wild type (WT), the <jats:italic>APOL1<\/jats:italic> G2\/WT genotype was associated with a lower eGFR (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b704) in an age\u2010dependent manner, suggesting that the G2\/WT patients are likely to have worse kidney prognosis. Other genes variants analysed were not associated with SCN or other SCD complications. Our data indicate that <jats:italic>APOL1<\/jats:italic> screening should be considered for the management of SCD patients, including those of non\u2010African\u2010American origin, as those with homozygous or double heterozygous variants are clearly at higher risk of SCN<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]],"date-time":"2017-07-12T11:03:16Z","timestamp":1499857396000},"page":"323-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Roles of <i>APOL1<\/i>\u00a0G1 and G2 variants in sickle cell disease patients: kidney is the main target"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Kormann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department Georges Pompidou European Hospital Assistance 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