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As ligands, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>s act on three structurally related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>3 [also termed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLT<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLT<\/jats:styled-content>4, respectively]) that deliver downstream signals. Haematopoietic stem cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>s), megakaryocytic cell lines, cultured megakaryocytes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content>s), primary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content>s and abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content>s express and secrete <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>s. During the development from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>s to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content>s, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>3 are expressed at different developmental stages, respectively, and re\u2010expressed, e.g., <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content>2, and play different roles in commitment, differentiation, proliferation, survival and polyplodization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>s\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content>s via autocrine, paracrine and\/or even intracrine loops. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>s and their receptors are abnormally expressed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes and acute megakaryocytic leukaemia (a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia), and they lead to the disordered proliferation\/differentiation of bone marrow cells and angiogenesis, indicating that they are closely related to these diseases. Thus, targeting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGFR<\/jats:styled-content> loops may be of potential therapeutic value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,27]],"date-time":"2017-10-27T02:22:53Z","timestamp":1509070973000},"page":"321-334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Effects of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors on megakaryocytes and platelets and related diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Jin\u2010Gang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region Shenyang Liaoning 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