{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:43:22Z","timestamp":1781239402835,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005958","name":"Stichting HPCN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1303\u2010055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1303\u2010055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stroke risk in children with sickle cell disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content>) is currently assessed with routine transcranial Doppler ultrasound (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCD<\/jats:styled-content>) measurements of blood velocity in the Circle of Willis (CoW). However, there is currently no biomarker with proven prognostic value in adult patients. Four\u2010dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) may improve risk profiling based on intracranial haemodynamics. We conducted neurovascular 4D flow <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> and blood sampling in 69 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients [median age 15\u00a0years (interquartile range, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>: 12\u201350)] and 14 healthy controls [median age 21\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>: 18\u201343)]. We measured velocity, flow, lumen area and endothelial shear stress (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESS<\/jats:styled-content>) in the CoW. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients had lower haematocrit and viscosity, and higher velocity, flow and lumen area, with lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESS<\/jats:styled-content> compared to healthy controls. We observed significant age\u2010related decline in haemodynamic 4D flow parameters; velocity (Spearman's \u03c1\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120\u00b736 to \u22120\u00b761), flow (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120\u00b726 to \u22120\u00b752) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESS<\/jats:styled-content> (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120\u00b714 to \u22120\u00b754) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Further analysis in only adults showed that velocity values were similar in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared to healthy controls, but that the additional 4D flow parameters, flow and lumen area, were higher, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESS<\/jats:styled-content> lower, in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content> group. Our data suggest that 4D flow <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> may identify adult patients with an increased stroke risk more accurately than current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based velocity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,23]],"date-time":"2017-12-23T16:38:50Z","timestamp":1514047130000},"page":"432-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Intracranial 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging reveals altered haemodynamics in sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8617-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"V\u00e1clav\u016f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelonna A. V.","family":"Baldew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Gevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri J. M. 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