{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:21:09Z","timestamp":1790882469606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261201500328P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261201500328P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Burkitt lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>) occurs as three subtypes: endemic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>, immunosuppression\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> and sporadic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>. Descriptive studies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> age\u2010specific incidence patterns have suggested multimodal peaks near 10, 40 and 70\u00a0years of age, but the risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> at different ages are unknown. We investigated risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> in the United Kingdom among 156 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> cases and 608 matched <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010free controls identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPRD<\/jats:styled-content>) between 1992 and 2016. Associations with pre\u2010diagnostic body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, hepatitis, Epstein\u2013Barr virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>), human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>), malaria, allergic and autoimmune conditions, and prednisone use were evaluated. Overall, we identified inverse associations between smoking and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> risk, and positive associations between prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> and prescription or use of prednisone with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> risk. In age\u2010group stratified analyses, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with malaria exposure (vs. no exposure, odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] 8\u00b700, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 1\u00b746\u201343\u00b77) among those aged 20\u201359\u00a0years old and with hepatitis infection (vs. no infection, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3\u00b741, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00b701\u201311\u00b75) among those aged 60+ years old. The effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>, malaria, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>, prednisone and hepatitis on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> remained significant in mutually\u2010adjusted age\u2010group\u2010specific analyses. No risk factors were associated with childhood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>. We report novel associations for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content> in non\u2010endemic settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T11:52:44Z","timestamp":1524225164000},"page":"505-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Risk factors for Burkitt lymphoma: a nested case\u2010control study in the <scp>UK<\/scp> Clinical Practice Research Datalink"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Parisa","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda M.","family":"Birmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science Queen's University Belfast Belfast Northern Ireland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8609-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlene M.","family":"McShane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science Queen's University Belfast Belfast Northern Ireland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahinaz M.","family":"Gadalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua N.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8273-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam M.","family":"Mbulaiteye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 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