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The proportion cured is a summary of long\u2010term survival while the median survival time of the uncured provides important information on those who are not long\u2010term survivors. Population\u2010based trends in the cure proportion and survival of the uncured for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALL<\/jats:styled-content>) by clinical prognostic risk factors were estimated using flexible parametric cure models, based on overall survival and event\u2010free survival. Children aged 1\u201317\u00a0years diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 in Yorkshire, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>, were included (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0492). The percentage cured increased from 77% (95% confidence interval 70\u201384%) in 1990\u20131997 to 89% (84\u201393%) in 2003\u20132011, while the median survival time of the uncured decreased from 3\u00b72\u00a0years (2\u00b72\u20134\u00b71\u00a0years) to 0\u00b77\u00a0years (0\u20131\u00b75\u00a0years). Models based on event\u2010free survival showed a similar trend. The 5\u2010year cumulative incidence of relapse substantially decreased from 35% in 1990\u201397 to 9% in 2003\u20132011. These results show selective improvement in survival between 1990 and 2011 with a significant reduction in the risk of relapse alongside a reduced absolute duration of survival for those destined to be uncured.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T11:57:49Z","timestamp":1527595069000},"page":"851-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Long\u2010term survival after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: population\u2010based trends in cure and relapse by clinical characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4280-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesley","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Population Sciences Department School of Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam W.","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology School of Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds General Infirmary Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally E.","family":"Kinsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology School of Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds General Infirmary Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren C.","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Population Sciences Department School of Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Chilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre Northern Institute for Cancer Research Newcastle University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony V.","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre Northern Institute for Cancer Research Newcastle University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Feltbower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Population Sciences Department School of Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute for Data Analytics University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-96"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2013.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1510795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0400400201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"The relative survival rate: a statistical methodology","volume":"6","author":"Ederer F.","year":"1961","journal-title":"National Cancer Institute Monograph"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.071597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70548-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02668.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"e017052","article-title":"Are survival and mortality rates associated with recruitment to clinical trials in teenage and young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia? 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