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Given that only limited data are available regarding the role of Brentuximab Vedotin (BV) as single agent in transplant\u2010naive relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) patients and its off\u2010target effects on immune system, we evaluated the amount of regulatory T\u2010cells (T\u2010regs), myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSC) subpopulations, and their functional marker, serum arginase\u20101 (s\u2010Arg\u20101), in peripheral blood of 15 consecutive R\/R HL patients. After a median of four BV cycles, the overall response rate (complete response\u00a0+\u00a0partial response) was 47%, with 4 (27%) complete metabolic remissions. BV reduced the absolute number of three MDSC subtypes and s\u2010Arg\u20101 levels. Patients with baseline s\u2010Arg\u20101 \u2265200\u00a0ng\/ml had inferior progression\u2010free survival at 36\u00a0months compared to those with low s\u2010Arg\u20101. T\u2010regs dysfunction was recovered by BV: absolute T\u2010regs count was increased after treatment with BV, independently of metabolic response achieved, with a significant reduction of CD30<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T\u2010regs. Our data disclose off\u2010target effects of BV in the microenvironment that could explain its deep and durable clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T12:05:44Z","timestamp":1550232344000},"page":"468-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Immune off\u2010target effects of Brentuximab Vedotin in relapsed\/refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Haematology Department of General Surgery and Medical\u2010Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nunziatina L.","family":"Parrinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Haematology Department of General Surgery and Medical\u2010Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Chiarenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology Azienda Policlinico\u2010OVE Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology Azienda Policlinico\u2010OVE Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Tibullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology Azienda Policlinico\u2010OVE Catania Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. 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