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We conducted a longitudinal study using the Stanford Military Data Repository to examine sickle cell trait in relation to the incidence of acute kidney injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content>) and chronic kidney disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>). Our study population consisted of African American U.S. Army soldiers on active duty between January 2011 and December 2014. The cumulative incidence was 0\u00b751% for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> (236 cases out of 45\u00a0901 soldiers) and 0\u00b756% for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> (255 cases out of 45\u00a0882 soldiers). Discrete time logistic regression models adjusting for demographic\u2010, military\u2010 and healthcare\u2010related covariates showed that sickle cell trait was associated with significantly higher adjusted odds of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>): 1\u00b774; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1\u00b717\u20132\u00b759] and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2\u00b700; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1\u00b739\u20132\u00b788). Elevated odds of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> were also observed in association with prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively, and with obesity and prior hypertension. Individuals with sickle cell trait and their providers should be aware of the possibility of increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> to allow for timely intervention and possible prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T00:34:01Z","timestamp":1552350841000},"page":"532-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sickle cell trait and renal disease among African American U.S. Army soldiers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Alan","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Deuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Health and Military Performance (A DoD Center of Excellence), Military and Emergency Medicine H\u00e9bert School of Medicine Uniformed Services University Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Uniformed Services University Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis G.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Health and Military Performance (A DoD Center of Excellence), Military and Emergency Medicine H\u00e9bert School of Medicine Uniformed Services University Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianne M.","family":"Kurina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(200004)63:4<205::AID-AJH8>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.09403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328327706a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1536-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2013.832689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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