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This multicentre prospective study investigated 74 adult neurologically\u2010asymptomatic beta\u2010thalassaemia patients (mean\u2010age 34\u00b75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00b73\u00a0years; 53 transfusion\u2010dependent [TDT], 21 non\u2010transfusion dependent [NTDT]) and 45 healthy volunteers (mean\u2010age 33\u00b79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00b77\u00a0years). Participants underwent testing with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2010Fourth Edition (WAIS\u2010IV), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and multiparametric brain 3T\u2010magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for parenchymal, vascular and iron content evaluation. Patients had lower Full\u2010Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) than controls (75\u00b75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00b79 vs. 97\u00b74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018\u00b71, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b70001) even after correction for education level. Compared to TDT, NTDT showed a trend of higher FSIQ (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b708) but a similar cognitive profile at WAIS\u2010subtests. FSIQ correlated with total and indirect bilirubin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b70001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7002, respectively); no correlation was found with splenectomy, intracranial MRI\/magnetic resonance\u2010angiography findings, brain tissue iron content or other disease\u2010related clinical\/laboratory\/treatment data. FSIQ did not correlate with BPRS scores, although the latter were higher among patients (28\u00b774\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00b71 vs. 27\u00b729\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00b78, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b701) mainly because of increased depression and anxiety levels. Occupation rate was higher among controls (84\u00b74% vs. 64\u00b79%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7004) and correlated with higher FSIQ (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7001) and education level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7001). In conclusion, Italian adult beta\u2010thalassaemia patients seem to present a characteristic cognitive profile impairment and an increased rate of psychological disorders with possible profound long\u2010term socio\u2010economic consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T08:11:52Z","timestamp":1558339912000},"page":"592-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Brain functional impairment in beta\u2010thalassaemia: the cognitive profile in Italian neurologically asymptomatic adult patients in comparison to the reported literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"186","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1278-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Immacolata","family":"Tartaglione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e 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